changeset 500:8e835e4de9fe build-default-212

Automated merge with ssh://hg.cryhavoc.org.uk/dottes
author Jim Hague <jim.hague@acm.org>
date Thu, 19 Jun 2014 21:36:31 +0100
parents 371da21aae86 (diff) 02f22c140874 (current diff)
children c0f982869842
files
diffstat 12 files changed, 5879 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) [+]
line wrap: on
line diff
--- a/.hgtags	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/.hgtags	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -40,3 +40,9 @@
 3c1be4306c18ac17ad0b5d1c7d3287f624806606 build-default-202
 a524b17ae725ce92066070586765a1842ae68efd build-default-203
 63d948433f0eef1924b7a31de75863a5a98a2c90 build-default-204
+29bd3ded5b345e8a28b68dac630206c60a213163 build-default-205
+d936428c5326b1e6e7f7d7ab5614385b46e24ddb build-default-206
+4fab69a1027d6188a66a81f7d7f2925e1292d924 build-default-207
+e16c20e63d9c5141e701ff5152605445f380735e build-default-209
+825d7b3d2ebd81ca16543acb94b5888b9489865f build-default-210
+f724174fb1e9a6316d1b55745d9fe0597e6afd1f build-default-211
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/Library/HundredPipers.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+X: 1
+T: Hundred Pipers March, The
+M: 4/4
+L: 1/8
+K: Gmaj
+Q: 1/4=180
+GA | "G" B2 D2 D2 ED | "C" E2 F2 G2 e2 | "G" d2 B2 "Em" BA G2 |\
+ "Am" B2 A2 "D7" A2 GA |
+    "G" B2 D2 DE D2 | "C" E3 F G2 e2 | "G" d2 B2 "D7" AB A2 | "G" G4 G2 :|
+Bc | "G" d2 d2 d2 ^cd | "C" e2 f2 g2 fe | "G" d2 B2 "Em" B2 AG |\
+ "Am" B2 A2 "D7" A2 Bc |
+     "G" de d2 d^c d2 | "C" e3 f g2 e2 | "G" d2 B2 "D7" AB A2 | "G" G4 G2 :|
--- a/Library/SirRogerDeCoverley.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/Library/SirRogerDeCoverley.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 T:Sir Roger de Coverley
 S:Trad
 M:9/8
-Q:3/8=120
+Q:180
 K:G
 |: "G" G2G G2e dBG | "D" A2A ABG FED | "G" G2G G2e def | g2G "C" GAG "D" FED :|
 |: "G" dBd "C" ece "G" dBG | "D" E2A ABG FED | "G" dBd "C" ece "G" def |\
--- a/Session/LanigansBall.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/Session/LanigansBall.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 H:Seamus Quinn
 M:6/8
 L:1/8
-Q:3/8=120
+Q:180
 K:Em
 "Em" E2E G2A|B2A Bcd| "D" D2D F2G|ABA AFD|
 "Em" E2E G2A|B2A Bcd|"Bm" eBB B2A| "Em" BEE E3:|
--- a/Session/MidsummerWaltz.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/Session/MidsummerWaltz.abc	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
 L:1/4
 Q:140
 "D" D B A | "G" G2 A | B>c d | "D" A3 | "G" B B A | "Em" G2 G | "Am" A2 G | "D" F/D/-D2 |
-"D" D B A | "G" G2 A | B>c d | "D" A3 | "Am" E c B | "D" A2 B | "C" G3| "G " -G3 :|
+"D" D B A | "G" G2 A | B>c d | "D" A3 | "Am" E c B | "D" A2 B | "C" G3-| "G" G3 :|
 "G" B>A B | "Am" c>B c | "Bm" d>c d | "C" e3 | "Em" e2 d |\
 "C" c2 B | "Am" A2 G | "D" F/D/-D2 | "G" B>A B | "Am" c>B c |
-"Bm" d2 e | "D" A3 | "Am" E c B | "D" A2 B | "C" G3|\
-"G " -G3 | "G" B>A B | "Am" c>B c | "Bm" d>c d | "C" e3 |
+"Bm" d2 e | "D" A3 | "Am" E c B | "D" A2 B | "C" G3- |\
+"G" G3 | "G" B>A B | "Am" c>B c | "Bm" d>c d | "C" e3 |
 "Em" e2 d | "C" c2 B | "Am" A2 G | "D" F/D/-D2 | "D" D B A |\
-"G" G2 A | "G" B>c d | "D" A3 | "Am" E c B | "D" A2 B | "C" G3| "G " -G3 |]
+"G" G2 A | "G" B>c d | "D" A3 | "Am" E c B | "D" A2 B | "C" G3- | "G" G3 |]
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/abc2xml/Changes.txt	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+Version 58
+- grammer for I:score instruction replaces ad hoc parsing.
+- voice merging, part grouping and grand staffs are derived by transformation of the parse tree of I:score.
+- also move clef redefinitions after [I:staff +/-n].
+- avoid a false beam break when [I:staff +/-n] is used within a beamed note group.
+- absolute ABC staff numbers in [I:staff n] are mapped to MusicXML grand staff numbers (when possible).
+- added translation of the [+-^_]15 octave clefs.
+- no default channel/panning/volume in <midi-instrument> elements.
+
+Version 57
+- grand staff implemented.
+- in an [I:score] instruction recognize a braced voice group as a grand staff when the opening brace is followed by an asterix ('{*' no space allowed).
+- also recognize a normal braced voice group as a grand staff when precisely one of the braced voices has a name.
+- the name of a staff or part is taken from the first of its voices (in ABC source order) for which a name is defined.
+- within a grand staff notes and directions preceded by [I:staff +/-n] are moved n staffs upwards or downwards.
+- accept voice ids with a leading asterix in I:score instructions (for the time being the asterix is discarded, however)
+
+Version 56
+- the <grace/> element should come before the <chord/> element in a note. (previously caused syntax warning with FinaleNotepad)
+- translates the _8, ^8 variants of the clefs in addition to the +8, -8. Also translates octave= argument of V: and K:
+- part names are left empty when not explicitly given using V:id name="<part name>" (previously id was used in that case)
+- transpose= was only honoured when a typed clef= definition was present, now is works in any V: or K: field.
+- a tempo definition in the ABC header (Q:) is treated as an inline tempo ([Q:]) for the first voice.
+- repeated occurrences of [I:MIDI] in a voice are translated into a MusicXML instrument changes for that voice.
+  Neither Finale nor Musescore recognize the relevant MusicXML elements (<sound/midi-instrument> and <note/instrument> yet.
+- new cue=on/off attribute for K: and V: definitions, to mark sections of cue notes in a voice.
+  Neither Finale nor Musescore handle cue size for directions, yet (<level size="cue">).
+- normally whole measure rests are discarded when merging staffs. Use option -r to keep these rests in the merged results.
+
+Version 55
+- replaced info message text: "leeg" with "empty voice", when skipping an empty voice.
+- avoided exception when ABC voice has only one measure containing only a volta number
+- do not output an xml-backup element when it has zero duration
+
+Version 54
+- allow gracenotes within chords
+- discard unbalanced chord brackets (caused a syntax error previously)
+- chords containing only rests caused an exception
+- ABC-code like: B2 1 caused an exception, now interpreted as: B2/1
+
+Version 53
+- tie to a chord with a single note caused an exception.
+- a first line with a single measure and only a left bar line caused a syntax error.
+- a first line with a single measure with only chords and no bar lines caused a syntax error.
+- option -z or --mxl writes an additional compressed xml file with extention .mxl
+- better treatment of barlines with spaces interspersed.
+- dot after note right before barline caused syntax error (now only warning and skip)
+
+Version 52
+- accept and translate chords in a grace sequence (caused an exception previously)
+- corrected bug when parsing %%score without space between voice number and left bracket, like %%staves 1(2 3)
+
+Version 51
+- treat abc file without any X: as a single tune and prepend X:1
+- recognize alto4 as alternative notation for tenor clef
+
+Version 50
+- corrected translation of the clef octave change notation (i.e. +8, -8 suffix)
+
+Version 49
+- ties between different pitches are converted to slurs (previously the tie in 'A-B A' would extend
+to the second A, now there will be a slur between A and B).
+- do not add accidentals to tied notes even when present in ABC code.
+- use consistent voice numbering in XML when merging ABC-voices with overlays.
+
+Version 48
+- M: field with more than one slash caused an exception.
+- limit shortest note durations to 1/64
+- skip redundant closing slurs (caused exception previously)
+- check instrument id when generating MIDI elements (caused exception when errors in %%score)
+- issue warning message when illegal user defined characters are used (X,Y,Z,x,y,z)
+- use correct xml-syntax for credit elements (was wrong in version 47)
+- translate explicit alterations for non traditional keys
+(non traditional key signatures not supported by MuseScore, but note alterations are correct)
+- skip more illegal symbols in stead of issuing parse error
+
+Version 47
+- translate middle=<pitch> in clefs
+- translate transpose=<semitones> in clefs (also %%MIDI transpose is recognised)
+- translate subname= in V: fields (name= was already translated)
+- translate "%%MIDI program" and "%%MIDI channel" (multiple instruments per staff supported)
+- an abc file with multiple tunes can be converted to a set of musicxml files.
+- new command line option "-m SKIP NUM" to set the range of tunes to be converted for large abc files.
+- leading dot was skipped when parsing a float in page format settings (.5in -> 5in)
+- accept [r:] syntax for remarks (caused syntax error previously)
+- relax syntax for user defined symbols (allowed character set was needlessly restricted)
+- all abc meta-info fields are translated to credit tags (with type)
+
+Version 46
+- warn when unit length is a single integer and assume L:1/8 (caused exception previously)
+- translate tune with only header fields (caused exception previously)
+- translate tunes where first voice definition appears in the middle of the body (caused exception previously)
+- skip illegal characters in chords and issue warning (caused syntax error previously)
+- skip illegal U: field in body and issue warning (caused syntax error previously)
+- more illegal characters between elements are skipped but with less specific warnings.
+- line endings with only <cr> were not handled properly
+- add check for text without any abc code in it (caused exception previously)
+- conversion of pObj to string caused exception when it contained non latin-1 characters (e.g. in warning messages)
+
+Version 45
+- ignore old style continuation when next line is w:
+- replace illegal durations by the nearest smaller legal one (caused exception previously)
+- when multiple stave mappings keep only first one and issue warning
+- accept start of next tune (X:) when not preceeded by an empty line (caused syntax error previously)
+- warn when unit length is no fraction of integers and assume L:1/8 (caused exception previously)
+- raise meaningful exception when the tune is empty (e.g. empty line after K:)
+- broken rhythm involving a rest was not translated
+
+Version 44
+- translate volta brackets with quoted text (in addition to numbers and number ranges)
+- when error in M: field assume 4/4. (caused exception previously)
+- allow voice names with underscore
+- bug in parsing %%score when no space between two stave groups, like: (v1 v2)(v3 v4)
+- corrected merging of voices of unequal length (caused exception previously)
+- user defined symbols with '()<>.' chars were not accepted
+- when p was a user defined symbol also !p! was erroneously seen as used defined
+- skip random text before tune starts (caused syntax error previously)
+
+Version 43
+- more non standard bar lines recognized (e.g. :])
+- accept X: fields when the tune number is followed by non-numeric chars.
+- allow complex meter (M:2+2+3/8)
+- warn for illegal L: fields (like L:1/6) and use 1/8 instead
+- accept and skip E: field
+- wedge close was not recognized when written with old '+' notation (bug was in fixSlurs)
+- remove * and ** at end of line (probably old notation for right adjustment)
+- accept and ignore a Q:-field with only text
+- replace "Expected end of text at .." message from parser by "Syntax error at .."
+
+Version 42
+- translate tempo from Q: field
+- translate -8 in key or voice field (temporary fix)
+- accept empty text annotations
+- in addition to !<(! also accept !crescendo(! and the same for diminuendo
+- ignore line continuation after information field
+- in lyrics treat isolated tildes as note skips
+- encode parse error message in utf-8 and when that fails in latin-1
+- limit length of misplaced symbol message to 80 chars
+- put text between K: and first V: into the header (was skipped previously)
+- bug in %%score when no spaces around '|'-character
+- added "o" as alternative for dim ("Edim7" = "Eo7")
+- in chord symbols "+" and "-" were not always translated correctly
+- tuple abbreviation (n:: and (n::m were not translated correctly
+- dotted barlines translated (: .|)
+
+Version 41
+- translate (multi-)measure rests: Z, X
+- discard misplaced broken symbols (no more exceptions)
+- discard misplaced octave suffices (warning, no parse error)
+- discard misplaced header fields (warning, no parse error after K:)
+- show location of misplaced symbols
+- only parse header if it is not empty (-> better error messages)
+- accept score/stave-directives and page formatting also in body
+
+Version 40
+- when reading a file with multiple tunes only translate the first one
+- command line option added for scale, page size and margins
+- all %% directives are changed into I: fields
+- translate scale, page size and margins from ABC directives, but command line overrides
+
+Version 39
+- accept and discard rests in chords
+- accept and discard accidentals before rests
+- spacer is treated as a normal note but discarded
+- accept chords with only one note
+- invisible rests (x) are translated as invisible in xml too.
+
+Version 38
+- also recognise ma and mi in chord symbols (e.g. Cma7, Cmi7)
+- replace tildes in lyrics by spaces
+- accept syllabi starting with a tilde
+- accept space after V: 1
+
+Version 37
+- accidental elements are written whenever an explicit accidentals are present in ABC (for finale, mscore does not need them)
+- tuplet notation elements are written to mark begin and end of tuplet (for finale, mscore doet not need them)
+- normal-type elements are written when tuplets are irregular
+- issue understandable message when metre is not recognized
+- take (compound) metre into account when translating tuplet shorthands (as described in ABC 2.1)
+- do not add beaming-elements into rest-elements (still break beam when long rest in beamgroup).
+
+Version 36
+- volta-stop elements were somtimes (recognised at and) put into a left-bar element, which
+is not valid MusicXML. These elements are now put into the right-bar of the previous measure.
+- accept volta's without barline: "abc [1 def" is read as: "abc |[1 def"
+- accept volta's after redundant left barline: "abc |\n|[1 def" is read as "abc |\n[1 def"
+- changed document order of repeat and ending elements (MusicXML order requirement)
+- xml output to stdout is also encoded in utf-8 (was erroneously done in latin-1)
+- prevent finale detecting the string "xml" in the <software>-tag (finale quirk)
+- only issue a <supports>-tag when abc code really uses explicit linebreaks
+
+Version 35
+- recognise and translate (nested) braces and brackets in both %%staves and %%score
+- translate more keys (maj, min, mix, dor, phr, lyd, loc and none)
+- recognise and skip [I:...] in body
+- invisible bar lines translated
+- silently skip slur end when there is no corresponding slur begin
+- also accept user defined symbols delimited by +
+- limit length of syntax error message (in a way compatible with pyparsing internal administration)
+- add <identification/encoding/supports> tag, because Finale seems to expect it.
+
+Version 34
+- removed copy() from 2 parse expressions because it did not appear to work on Linux
+- recognize, warn and skip misplaced accidentals and ties
+- bug in old style continuation when there was nothing left to continue with.
+- limit syntax error output to 80 chars, with error in the middle.
+
+Version 33
+- added !coda!, !segno!, !fine!, !dacoda!, !dalsegno! etc.
+- move coda and segno when just before a barline to next measure
+- added several ornaments and articulations.
+- recognize (and skip) '<' and '>' position markers for text expressions
+- fall back to text expression for unrecognized chord symbols.
+- recognize (and skip) alternative chord symbols between brackets
+- interpret expressions like "ABC" as text expression and not as misspelled chord symbol.
+- beam detection improved (grammar)
+
+Version 32
+- grammar for both linebreaks ! and $ without ambiguities!
+- remove commandline option for linebreak (also I:linebreak not needed anymore)
+- accept both + and ! for deco's
+- accept (and skip) empty fields
+- accept ']' in all header fields
+- strip leading and trailing spaces from header fields (T: title -> T:title)
+- also translate inline fields before a left barline
+- recognise volta after forward repeat
+- translate dashes to comma's in volta ([1-3 -> [1,3)
+- recognise slurs after broken rhythm symbols i.e. replace (ab>>)c -> (ab)>>c
+- skip P: fields
+- allow lines with a single measure without barline
+- combine ~-syllabi (multiple syllabi under one note)
+- skip W: lyrics because no musicXML equivalent
+- translate longa and breve
+
+Version 31
+- bug in treatment of double-repeat when it is at the end of a voice-lyrics block
+- added <DOCTYPE> declaration because Finale seems to need it.
+- added identification/encoding element so people can see what software made the file
+
+Version 30
+- voice overlays
+- merging voices rewritten: lyrics renumbering, measurewise merging
+- linebreak after left-bar is output directly (i.e. not postponed to the next measure)
+
+Version 29
+- implementation of beaming
+- insert line breaks at start of next measure
+- keep only one line break per measure when mapping multiple voices
+- renumber slurs when clash occurs during voice mapping
+- syntax error message is encoded in latin-1
+- bug in recognition of presence of open tie
+
+Version 28
+- all chord symbols were erroneously recognized as text annotations (wrong syntax priority)
+- Recognize (and skip) redundant left side bars
+- don't stumble on a double repeat (::) when it occurs at the and of a voice/lyrics block
+- better error message when header fields appear after the first K:
+- output of non latin-1 strings on stderr uses repr()
+
+Version 27
+- Initial release
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/abc2xml/Readme.txt	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+---- abc2xml ----
+
+abc2xml is a command line utility that translates ABC notation into MusicXML.
+
+In principle all elements from ABC are translated, but some translations are only partially
+implemented. Translated are:
+- multiple lyric lines per voice
+- mapping voices to staves, brackets and braces (%%score or %%staves)
+- voice overlays (only single &-overlays, no multiple &&-overlays yet)
+- dynamics, slurs, several decorations (ties between different voices are not possible in MusicXML
+and are changed to slurs when present in ABC. Also (illegal) ties between different pitches are converted
+to slurs. In both cases a warning message is issued)
+- grace notes, tuplets
+- keys (maj, min, mix, dor, phr, lyd, loc and none), meter, tempo
+- clefs (only most common clef names, tranposition=  and middle= are supported)
+- jazz chord symbols and text annotations
+- beaming. Only one beam per abc-beam group is translated at the moment, which is
+sufficient for MuseScore. In musicXML every beam should be explicitly notated, so a 32th
+note should start 3 beams.
+- scale, page size and page margins are recognized as either %% or I: directive. The scale value is
+the distance between two stafflines in millimeters. The other values are also in millimeters unless
+they are followed by a unit (cm,in,pt).
+- %%MIDI program and %%MIDI channel (or I:MIDI ..) are translated when used in a current voice
+(i.e. after a V: definition). The instrument of a voice cannot be changed in the middle of a tune.
+If one does so, only the last %%MIDI will be used for the whole voice. (and the earlier settings are
+discarded). %%MIDI transpose is translated and has the same effect as transpose= in the clef, i.e.
+only play back is transposed, not notation. In %%MIDI program=num, the number should be between 0
+and 127. Also in %%MIDI channel=num, the number is starts from zero. The midi translation supports
+mapping multiple voices whith different instruments to one stave. (i.e. the resulting xml part will
+have multiple instruments). This feature, though present in MusicXML is not supported by MuseScore,
+nor by Finale Notepad. These programs only allow one instrument per stave.
+- multiple tunes within one abc file can be converted to a set of xml files, one file per tune.
+
+In conjunction with xml2abc the translation from xml -> abc -> xml works for all examples
+in the set from MakeMusic. The translated examples produce reasonable score when typeset with MuseScore.
+
+---- Usage: ----
+
+When you have Python installed:
+> python abc2xml.py [-h] [-m SKIP NUM] [-o DIR] [-p PFMT] [-z MODE] file1 [file2 ...]
+
+When you use the Win32 executable:
+> abc2xml.exe [-h] [-m SKIP NUM] [-o DIR] [-p PFMT] [-z MODE] file1 [file2 ...]
+
+Translates all .abc files in the file list to MusicXML. Output goes to stdout unless the -o option
+is given. Wildcards in file names are expanded.
+Option -h prints help message with explanation of the options
+Option -m skip num skips skip tunes and then reads at most num tunes.
+Can be used when abc files contain multiple tunes (tune books) to select only a subset of the tunes.
+The default skips nothing (skip=0) and reads 1 tune (num=1).
+Option -o dir translates every .abc file to a separate .xml file with the same name
+into directory dir. For example, -o. puts all xml files into the same directory where
+the input files reside.
+Option -p fmt sets the page format of the ouput. fmt should be a string with 7 float
+values sepatated by comma's without any spaces. The values are: space, page-height, -width, and
+page margin left, -right, -top, -bottom. space defines the scale of the whole score and equals the
+distance between two staff lines in mm. When the -p option is omitted the values default to A4 with
+10mm margins and space=1.764. All commandline values are in millimeters.
+Option -z mode or --mxl mode writes compressed xml files with extention .mxl.
+If mode is a or add both .xml and .mxl files will be written. If mode is r or replace only .mxl
+files are written.
+
+---- Download ----
+
+The python script: abc2xml.py-58.zip
+http://wim.vree.org/svgParse/abc2xml.py-58.zip
+
+Stand alone win32 executable: abc2xml.exe-58.zip
+http://wim.vree.org/svgParse/abc2xml.exe-58.zip
+
+---- ABC Syntax ----
+
+ABC is recognized by a high level parser that reads the ABC syntax in a notation close to (E)BNF.
+The drawback of this approach is that many dialects of ABC will cause sytax errors.
+In addition, the high level parser implementation in pure python (pyparsing.py) is slow.
+The pyparsing library is included (as a single python file) in abc2xml.py-58.zip
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/abc2xml/abc2xml.py	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,1747 @@
+# coding=latin-1
+'''
+Copyright (C) 2012: Willem G. Vree
+Contributions: Nils Liberg, Nicolas Froment, Norman Schmidt, Reinier Maliepaard, Martin Tarenskeen
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
+GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
+the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
+without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+See the GNU General Public License for more details. <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
+'''
+
+from pyparsing import Word, OneOrMore, Optional, Literal, NotAny, MatchFirst
+from pyparsing import Group, oneOf, Suppress, ZeroOrMore, Combine, FollowedBy
+from pyparsing import srange, CharsNotIn, StringEnd, LineEnd, White, Regex
+from pyparsing import nums, alphas, alphanums, ParseException, Forward
+try:    import xml.etree.cElementTree as E
+except: import xml.etree.ElementTree as E
+import types, sys, os, re, datetime
+
+VERSION = 58
+
+def info (s, warn=1):
+    x = (warn and '-- ' or '') + s
+    try: sys.stderr.write (x + '\n')
+    except: sys.stderr.write (repr (x) + '\n')
+
+def abc_grammar ():     # header, voice and lyrics grammar for ABC
+    b1 = Word (u"-,'<>\u2019#", exact=1)  # catch misplaced chars in chords
+
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # ABC header (fld_text elements are matched later with reg. epr's)
+    #-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    number = Word (nums).setParseAction (lambda t: int (t[0]))
+    field_str = Regex (r'(?:\\.|[^]\\])*')  # match anything until end of field, skip escaped \]
+    field_str.setParseAction (lambda t: t[0].strip ())  # and strip spacing
+
+    userdef_symbol  = Word (srange ('[H-Wh-w~]'), exact=1)
+    fieldId = oneOf ('K L M Q P I T C O A Z N G H R B D F S E r') # info fields
+    X_field = Literal ('X') + Suppress (':') + number + field_str
+    U_field = Literal ('U') + Suppress (':') + userdef_symbol + Suppress ('=') + field_str
+    V_field = Literal ('V') + Suppress (':') + Word (alphanums + '_') + field_str
+    inf_fld = fieldId + Suppress (':') + field_str
+    ifield = Suppress ('[') + (X_field | U_field | V_field | inf_fld) + Suppress (']')
+    abc_header = OneOrMore (ifield) + StringEnd ()
+
+    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # I:score with recursive part groups and {* grand staff marker
+    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    voiceId = Suppress (Optional ('*')) + Word (alphanums + '_')
+    voice_gr = Suppress ('(') + OneOrMore (voiceId | Suppress ('|')) + Suppress (')')
+    simple_part = voiceId | voice_gr | Suppress ('|')
+    grand_staff = oneOf ('{* {') + OneOrMore (simple_part) + Suppress ('}')
+    part = Forward ()
+    part_seq = OneOrMore (part | Suppress ('|'))
+    brace_gr = Suppress ('{') + part_seq + Suppress ('}')
+    bracket_gr = Suppress ('[') + part_seq + Suppress ('\]')    # closing brackets are escaped by splitHeaderVoices
+    part << MatchFirst (simple_part | grand_staff | brace_gr | bracket_gr | Suppress ('|'))
+    abc_scoredef = Suppress (oneOf ('staves score')) + OneOrMore (part)
+
+    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # ABC voice (not white space sensitive, beams detected in note/rest parse actions)
+    #---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    inline_field =  Suppress ('[') + (inf_fld | U_field | V_field) + Suppress (']')
+
+    note_length = Optional (number, 1) + Group (ZeroOrMore ('/')) + Optional (number, 2)
+    octaveHigh = OneOrMore ("'").setParseAction (lambda t: len(t))
+    octaveLow = OneOrMore (',').setParseAction (lambda t: -len(t))
+    octave  = octaveHigh | octaveLow
+
+    basenote = oneOf ('C D E F G A B c d e f g a b y')  # includes spacer for parse efficiency
+    accidental = oneOf ('^^ __ ^ _ =')
+    rest_sym  = oneOf ('x X z Z')
+    slur_beg = oneOf ('( .(') + ~Word (nums)    # no tuplet_start
+    slur_ends = OneOrMore (oneOf (') .)'))
+
+    long_decoration = Combine (oneOf ('! +') + CharsNotIn ('!+ \n') + oneOf ('! +'))
+    staccato        = Literal ('.') + ~Literal ('|')    # avoid dotted barline
+    decoration      = staccato | userdef_symbol | long_decoration | slur_beg
+    decorations     = OneOrMore (decoration)
+    staff_decos     = decorations + ~oneOf (': | [|] []')
+
+    tie = oneOf ('.- -')
+    rest = Optional (accidental) + rest_sym + note_length
+    pitch = Optional (accidental) + basenote + Optional (octave, 0)
+    note = pitch + note_length + Optional (tie) + Optional (slur_ends)
+    chord_note = Optional (decorations) + pitch + note_length + Optional (tie) + Optional (slur_ends)
+    chord_notes = OneOrMore (chord_note | rest | b1)
+    grace_notes = Forward ()
+    chord = Suppress ('[') + OneOrMore (chord_notes | grace_notes) + Suppress (']') + note_length + Optional (tie) + Optional (slur_ends)
+    stem = note | chord | rest
+
+    broken = Combine (OneOrMore ('<') | OneOrMore ('>'))
+
+    tuplet_num   = Suppress ('(') + number
+    tuplet_into  = Suppress (':') + Optional (number, 0)
+    tuplet_notes = Suppress (':') + Optional (number, 0)
+    tuplet_start = tuplet_num + Optional (tuplet_into + Optional (tuplet_notes))
+
+    acciaccatura    = Literal ('/')
+    grace_stem      = Optional (decorations) + stem
+    grace_notes     << Group (Suppress ('{') + Optional (acciaccatura) + OneOrMore (grace_stem) + Suppress ('}'))
+
+    text_expression  = Optional (oneOf ('^ _ < > @'), '^') + Optional (CharsNotIn ('"'), "")
+    chord_accidental = oneOf ('# b =')
+    triad            = oneOf ('ma Maj maj M mi min m aug dim o + -')
+    seventh          = oneOf ('7 ma7 Maj7 M7 maj7 mi7 m7 dim7 o7 -7 aug7 +7 m7b5 mi7b5')
+    sixth            = oneOf ('6 ma6 M6 m6 mi6')
+    ninth            = oneOf ('9 ma9 M9 maj9 Maj9 mi9 m9')
+    elevn            = oneOf ('11 ma11 M11 maj11 Maj11 mi m11')
+    suspended        = oneOf ('sus sus2 sus4')
+    chord_degree     = Combine (Optional (chord_accidental) + oneOf ('2 4 5 6 7 9 11 13'))
+    chord_kind       = Optional (seventh | sixth | ninth | elevn | triad, '_') + Optional (suspended)
+    chord_root       = oneOf ('C D E F G A B') + Optional (chord_accidental)
+    chord_bass       = oneOf ('C D E F G A B') + Optional (chord_accidental) # needs a different parse action
+    chordsym         = chord_root + chord_kind + ZeroOrMore (chord_degree) + Optional (Suppress ('/') + chord_bass)
+    chord_sym        = chordsym + Optional (Literal ('(') + CharsNotIn (')') + Literal (')')).suppress ()
+    chord_or_text    = Suppress ('"') + (chord_sym ^ text_expression) + Suppress ('"')
+
+    volta_nums = Optional ('[').suppress () + Combine (Word (nums) + ZeroOrMore (oneOf (', -') + Word (nums)))
+    volta_text = Literal ('[').suppress () + Regex (r'"[^"]+"')
+    volta = volta_nums | volta_text
+    invisible_barline = oneOf ('[|] []')
+    dashed_barline = oneOf (': .|')
+    double_rep = Literal (':') + FollowedBy (':')   # otherwise ambiguity with dashed barline
+    voice_overlay = Combine (OneOrMore ('&'))
+    bare_volta = FollowedBy (Literal ('[') + Word (nums))   # no barline, but volta follows (volta is parsed in next measure)
+    bar_left = (oneOf ('[|: |: [: :') + Optional (volta)) | Optional ('|').suppress () + volta | oneOf ('| [|')
+    bars = ZeroOrMore (':') + ZeroOrMore ('[') + OneOrMore (oneOf ('| ]'))
+    bar_right = Optional (decorations) + (invisible_barline | double_rep | Combine (bars) | dashed_barline | voice_overlay | bare_volta)
+    
+    errors =  ~bar_right + Optional (Word (' \n')) + CharsNotIn (':&|', exact=1)
+    linebreak = Literal ('$') | ~decorations + Literal ('!')    # no need for I:linebreak !!!
+    element = inline_field | broken | staff_decos | stem | chord_or_text | grace_notes | tuplet_start | linebreak | errors
+    measure      = Group (ZeroOrMore (inline_field) + Optional (bar_left) + ZeroOrMore (element) + bar_right + Optional (linebreak))
+    noBarMeasure = Group (ZeroOrMore (inline_field) + Optional (bar_left) + OneOrMore (element) + Optional (linebreak))
+    abc_voice = ZeroOrMore (measure) + Optional (noBarMeasure | Group (bar_left)) + ZeroOrMore (inline_field).suppress () + StringEnd ()
+
+    #----------------------------------------
+    # ABC lyric lines (white space sensitive)
+    #----------------------------------------
+
+    skip_note   = oneOf ('* - ~')
+    extend_note = Literal ('_')
+    measure_end = Literal ('|')
+    syl_chars   = CharsNotIn ('*~-_| \t\n')
+    white       = Word (' \t')
+    syllable    = Combine (Optional ('~') + syl_chars + ZeroOrMore (Literal ('~') + syl_chars)) + Optional ('-')
+    lyr_elem    = (syllable | skip_note | extend_note | measure_end) + Optional (white).suppress ()
+    lyr_head    = (Literal ('w:') + Optional (white)).suppress ()
+    lyr_line    = Group (lyr_head + ZeroOrMore (lyr_elem) + LineEnd ().suppress ())
+
+    #----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Parse actions to convert all relevant results into an abstract
+    # syntax tree where all tree nodes are instances of pObj
+    #----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    ifield.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('field', t))
+    grand_staff.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('grand', t, 1)) # 1 = keep ordered list of results
+    brace_gr.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('bracegr', t, 1))
+    bracket_gr.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('bracketgr', t, 1))
+    voice_gr.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('voicegr', t, 1))
+    voiceId.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('vid', t, 1))
+    abc_scoredef.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('score', t, 1))
+    note_length.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('dur', (t[0], (t[2] << len (t[1])) >> 1)))
+    chordsym.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('chordsym', t))
+    chord_root.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('root', t))
+    chord_kind.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('kind', t))
+    chord_degree.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('degree', t))
+    chord_bass.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('bass', t))
+    text_expression.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('text', t))
+    inline_field.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('inline', t))
+    grace_notes.setParseAction (doGrace) # (lambda t: pObj ('grace', t))
+    acciaccatura.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('accia', t))
+    note.setParseAction (noteActn)
+    chord_note.setParseAction (noteActn)
+    rest.setParseAction (restActn)
+    decorations.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('deco', t))
+    slur_ends.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('slurs', t))
+    chord.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('chord', t))
+    tie.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('tie', t))
+    pitch.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('pitch', t))
+    bare_volta.setParseAction (lambda t: ['|']) # return barline that user forgot
+    dashed_barline.setParseAction (lambda t: ['.|'])
+    bar_right.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('rbar', t))
+    bar_left.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('lbar', t))
+    broken.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('broken', t))
+    tuplet_start.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('tup', t))
+    linebreak.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('linebrk', t))
+    measure.setParseAction (doMaat)
+    noBarMeasure.setParseAction (doMaat)
+    syllable.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('syl', t))
+    skip_note.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('skip', t))
+    extend_note.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('ext', t))
+    measure_end.setParseAction (lambda t: pObj ('sbar', t))
+    b1.setParseAction (errorWarn)
+    errors.setParseAction (errorWarn)
+    lyr_block   = OneOrMore (lyr_line).leaveWhitespace ()   # after leaveWhiteSpace no more parse actions can be set!!
+
+    return abc_header, abc_voice, lyr_block, abc_scoredef
+
+class pObj (object):    # every relevant parse result is converted into a pObj
+    def __init__ (s, name, t, seq=0):   # t = list of nested parse results
+        s.name = name   # name uniqueliy identifies this pObj
+        rest = []       # collect parse results that are not a pObj
+        attrs = {}      # new attributes
+        for x in t:     # nested pObj's become attributes of this pObj
+            if type (x) == pObj:
+                attrs [x.name] = attrs.get (x.name, []) + [x]
+            else:
+                rest.append (x)             # collect non-pObj's (mostly literals)
+        for name, xs in attrs.items ():
+            if len (xs) == 1: xs = xs[0]    # only list if more then one pObj
+            setattr (s, name, xs)           # create the new attributes
+        s.t = rest      # all nested non-pObj's (mostly literals)
+        s.objs = seq and t or []            # for nested ordered (lyric) pObj's
+
+    def __repr__ (s):   # make a nice string representation of a pObj
+        r = []
+        for nm in dir (s):
+            if nm.startswith ('_'): continue # skip build in attributes
+            elif nm == 'name': continue     # redundant
+            else:
+                x = getattr (s, nm)
+                if not x: continue          # s.t may be empty (list of non-pObj's)
+                if type (x) == types.ListType:  r.extend (x)
+                else:                           r.append (x)
+        xs = []
+        for x in r:     # recursively call __repr__ and convert all strings to latin-1
+            if isinstance (x, types.StringTypes):
+                try:    xs.append (x.encode ('latin-1'))
+                except: xs.append (repr (x))    # string -> no recursion
+            else:       xs.append (repr (x))    # pObj -> recursive call
+        return '(' + s.name + ' ' +','.join (xs) + ')'
+
+global prevloc                  # global to remember previous match position of a note/rest
+prevloc = 0
+def detectBeamBreak (line, loc, t):
+    global prevloc              # location in string 'line' of previous note match
+    xs = line[prevloc:loc+1]    # string between previous and current note match
+    xs = xs.lstrip ()           # first note match starts on a space!
+    prevloc = loc               # location in string 'line' of current note match
+    b = pObj ('bbrk', [' ' in xs])      # space somewhere between two notes -> beambreak
+    t.insert (0, b)             # insert beambreak as a nested parse result
+
+def noteActn (line, loc, t):    # detect beambreak between previous and current note/rest
+    if 'y' in t[0].t: return [] # discard spacer
+    detectBeamBreak (line, loc, t)      # adds beambreak to parse result t as side effect
+    return pObj ('note', t)
+
+def restActn (line, loc, t):    # detect beambreak between previous and current note/rest
+    detectBeamBreak (line, loc, t)  # adds beambreak to parse result t as side effect
+    return pObj ('rest', t)
+
+def errorWarn (line, loc, t):      # warning for misplaced symbols and skip them
+    info ('**misplaced symbol: %s' % t[0], warn=0)
+    lineCopy = line [:]
+    if loc > 40:
+        lineCopy = line [loc - 40: loc + 40]
+        loc = 40
+    info (lineCopy.replace ('\n', ' '), warn=0)
+    info (loc * '-' + '^', warn=0)
+    return []
+
+#-------------------------------------------------------------
+# transformations of a measure (called by parse action doMaat)
+#-------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def simplify (a, b):    # divide a and b by their greatest common divisor
+    x, y = a, b
+    while b: a, b = b, a % b
+    return x / a, y / a
+
+def doBroken (prev, brk, x):
+    if not prev: info ('error in broken rhythm: %s' % x); return    # no changes
+    nom1, den1 = prev.dur.t # duration of first note/chord
+    nom2, den2 = x.dur.t    # duration of second note/chord
+    if  brk == '>':
+        nom1, den1  = simplify (3 * nom1, 2 * den1)
+        nom2, den2  = simplify (1 * nom2, 2 * den2)
+    elif brk == '<':
+        nom1, den1  = simplify (1 * nom1, 2 * den1)
+        nom2, den2  = simplify (3 * nom2, 2 * den2)
+    elif brk == '>>':
+        nom1, den1  = simplify (7 * nom1, 4 * den1)
+        nom2, den2  = simplify (1 * nom2, 4 * den2)
+    elif brk == '<<':
+        nom1, den1  = simplify (1 * nom1, 4 * den1)
+        nom2, den2  = simplify (7 * nom2, 4 * den2)
+    else: return            # give up
+    prev.dur.t = nom1, den1 # change duration of previous note/chord
+    x.dur.t = nom2, den2    # and current note/chord
+
+def convertBroken (t):  # convert broken rhythms to normal note durations
+    prev = None # the last note/chord before the broken symbol
+    brk = ''    # the broken symbol
+    remove = [] # indexes to broken symbols (to be deleted) in measure
+    for i, x in enumerate (t):  # scan all elements in measure
+        if x.name == 'note' or x.name == 'chord' or x.name == 'rest':
+            if brk:                 # a broken symbol was encountered before
+                doBroken (prev, brk, x) # change duration previous note/chord/rest and current one
+                brk = ''
+            else:
+                prev = x            # remember the last note/chord/rest
+        elif x.name == 'broken':
+            brk = x.t[0]            # remember the broken symbol (=string)
+            remove.insert (0, i)    # and its index, highest index first
+    for i in remove: del t[i]       # delete broken symbols from high to low
+
+def convertChord (t):   # convert chord to sequence of notes in musicXml-style
+    ins = []
+    for i, x in enumerate (t):
+        if x.name == 'chord':
+            if hasattr (x, 'rest') and not hasattr (x, 'note'): # chords containing only rests
+                if type (x.rest) == types.ListType: x.rest = x.rest[0]  # more rests == one rest
+                ins.insert (0, (i, [x.rest]))   # just output a single rest, no chord
+                continue
+            num1, den1 = x.dur.t                # chord duration
+            tie = getattr (x, 'tie', None)      # chord tie
+            slurs = getattr (x, 'slurs', [])    # slur endings
+            deco = getattr (x, 'deco', [])      # chord decorations
+            if type (x.note) != types.ListType: x.note = [x.note]   # when chord has only one note ...
+            for j, nt in enumerate (x.note):    # all notes of the chord
+                num2, den2 = nt.dur.t           # note duration * chord duration
+                nt.dur.t = simplify (num1 * num2, den1 * den2)
+                if tie: nt.tie = tie            # tie on all chord notes
+                if j == 0 and deco: nt.deco = deco      # decorations only on first chord note
+                if j == 0 and slurs: nt.slurs = slurs   # slur endings only on first chord note
+                if j > 0: nt.chord = pObj ('chord', [1]) # label all but first as chord notes
+                else:                           # remember all pitches of the chord in the first note
+                    pitches = [n.pitch for n in x.note] # to implement conversion of erroneous ties to slurs
+                    nt.pitches = pObj ('pitches', pitches)
+            ins.insert (0, (i, x.note))         # high index first
+    for i, notes in ins:                        # insert from high to low
+        for nt in reversed (notes):
+            t.insert (i+1, nt)                  # insert chord notes after chord
+        del t[i]                                # remove chord itself
+
+def doMaat (t):             # t is a Group() result -> the measure is in t[0]
+    convertBroken (t[0])    # remove all broken rhythms and convert to normal durations
+    convertChord (t[0])     # replace chords by note sequences in musicXML style
+
+def doGrace (t):        # t is a Group() result -> the grace sequence is in t[0]
+    convertChord (t[0]) # a grace sequence may have chords
+    for nt in t[0]:     # flag all notes within the grace sequence
+        if nt.name == 'note': nt.grace = 1 # set grace attribute
+    return t[0]         # ungroup the parse result
+#--------------------
+# musicXML generation
+#----------------------------------
+
+def compChordTab ():    # avoid some typing work: returns mapping constant {ABC chordsyms -> musicXML kind}
+    maj, min, aug, dim, dom, ch7, ch6, ch9, ch11, hd = 'major minor augmented diminished dominant -seventh -sixth -ninth -11th half-diminished'.split ()
+    triad   = zip ('ma Maj maj M mi min m aug dim o + -'.split (), [maj, maj, maj, maj, min, min, min, aug, dim, dim, aug, min])
+    seventh = zip ('7 ma7 Maj7 M7 maj7 mi7 m7 dim7 o7 -7 aug7 +7 m7b5 mi7b5'.split (),
+                   [dom, maj+ch7, maj+ch7, maj+ch7, maj+ch7, min+ch7, min+ch7, dim+ch7, dim+ch7, min+ch7, aug+ch7, aug+ch7, hd, hd])
+    sixth   = zip ('6 ma6 M6 mi6 m6'.split (), [maj+ch6, maj+ch6, maj+ch6, min+ch6, min+ch6])
+    ninth   = zip ('9 ma9 M9 maj9 Maj9 mi9 m9'.split (), [dom+ch9, maj+ch9, maj+ch9, maj+ch9, maj+ch9, min+ch9, min+ch9])
+    elevn   = zip ('11 ma11 M11 maj11 Maj11 mi11 m11'.split (), [dom+ch11, maj+ch11, maj+ch11, maj+ch11, maj+ch11, min+ch11, min+ch11])
+    return dict (triad + seventh + sixth + ninth + elevn)
+
+def addElem (parent, child, level):
+    indent = 2
+    chldrn = parent.getchildren ()
+    if chldrn:
+        chldrn[-1].tail += indent * ' '
+    else:
+        parent.text = '\n' + level * indent * ' '
+    parent.append (child)
+    child.tail = '\n' + (level-1) * indent * ' '
+
+def addElemT (parent, tag, text, level):
+    e = E.Element (tag)
+    e.text = text
+    addElem (parent, e, level)
+    
+def mkTmod (tmnum, tmden, lev):
+    tmod = E.Element ('time-modification')
+    addElemT (tmod, 'actual-notes', str (tmnum), lev + 1)
+    addElemT (tmod, 'normal-notes', str (tmden), lev + 1)
+    return tmod
+
+def addDirection (parent, elem, lev, gstaff, subelms=[], placement='below', cue_on=0):
+    dir = E.Element ('direction', placement=placement)
+    addElem (parent, dir, lev)
+    typ = E.Element ('direction-type')
+    addElem (dir, typ, lev + 1)
+    addElem (typ, elem, lev + 2)
+    for subel in subelms: addElem (elem, subel, lev + 3)
+    if cue_on: addElem (dir, E.Element ('level', size='cue'), lev + 1)
+    if gstaff: addElemT (dir, 'staff', str (gstaff), lev + 1)
+    return dir
+
+def removeElems (root_elem, parent_str, elem_str):
+    for p in root_elem.findall (parent_str):
+        e = p.find (elem_str)
+        if e != None: p.remove (e)
+
+def alignLyr (vce, lyrs):
+    empty_el = pObj ('leeg', '*')
+    for k, lyr in enumerate (lyrs): # lyr = one full line of lyrics
+        i = 0               # syl counter
+        for msre in vce:    # reiterate the voice block for each lyrics line
+            for elem in msre:
+                if elem.name == 'note' and not (hasattr (elem, 'chord') or hasattr (elem, 'grace')):
+                    if i >= len (lyr): lr = empty_el
+                    else: lr = lyr [i]
+                    elem.objs.append (lr)
+                    if lr.name != 'sbar': i += 1
+            if i < len (lyr) and lyr[i].name == 'sbar': i += 1
+    return vce
+
+slur_move = re.compile (r'(?<![!+])([}><][<>]?)(\)+)')  # (?<!...) means: not preceeded by ...
+mm_rest = re.compile (r'([XZ])(\d+)')
+bar_space = re.compile (r'([:|][ |\[\]]+[:|])')         # barlines with spaces
+def fixSlurs (x):   # repair slurs when after broken sign or grace-close
+    def f (mo):     # replace a multi-measure rest by single measure rests
+        n = int (mo.group (2))
+        return (n * (mo.group (1) + '|')) [:-1]
+    def g (mo):     # squash spaces in barline expressions
+        return mo.group (1).replace (' ','')
+    x = mm_rest.sub (f, x)
+    x = bar_space.sub (g, x)
+    return slur_move.sub (r'\2\1', x)
+
+def splitHeaderVoices (abctext):
+    r1 = re.compile (r'%.*$')           # comments
+    r2 = re.compile (r'^[A-Z]:.*$')     # information field
+    r3 = re.compile (r'^%%(?=[^%])')    # directive: ^%% folowed by not a %
+    xs, nx = [], 0
+    for x in abctext.splitlines ():
+        x = x.strip ()
+        if not x and nx == 1: break     # end of tune
+        x = r3.sub ('I:', x)            # replace %% -> I:
+        x2 = r1.sub ('', x)             # remove comment
+        while x2.endswith ('*'): x2 = x2[:-1]   # remove old syntax for right adjusting
+        if not x2: continue             # empty line
+        if x2[:2] == 'W:': continue     # skip W: lyrics
+        if x2[:2] == 'w:' and xs[-1][-1] ==  '\\':
+            xs[-1] = xs[-1][:-1]        # ignore line continuation before lyrics line
+        ro = r2.match (x2)
+        if ro:                          # field -> inline_field, escape all ']'
+            if x2[-1] == '\\': x2 = x2[:-1] # ignore continuation after field line
+            x2 = '[' + x2.replace (']',r'\]') + ']'
+        if x2[:2] == '+:':              # new style continuation
+            xs[-1] += x2[2:]
+        elif xs and xs[-1][-1] ==  '\\':  # old style continuation
+            xs[-1] = xs[-1][:-1] + x2
+        else:                           # skip lines (except I:) until first X:
+            if x.startswith ('X:'):
+                if nx == 1: break       # second tune starts without an empty line !!
+                nx = 1                  # start of first tune
+            if nx == 1 or x.startswith ('I:'):
+                xs.append (x2)
+    if xs and xs[-1][-1] == '\\':       # nothing left to continue with, remove last continuation
+        xs[-1] = xs[-1][:-1]
+
+    r1 = re.compile (r'\[[A-Z]:(\\.|[^]\\])*\]') # inline field with escaped ']'
+    r2 = re.compile (r'\[K:')           # start of K: field
+    r3 = re.compile (r'\[V:|\[I:MIDI')  # start of V: field or midi field
+    fields, voices, b = [], [], 0
+    for i, x in enumerate (xs):
+        n = len (r1.sub ('', x))        # remove all inline fields
+        if n > 0: b = 1; break          # real abc present -> end of header
+        if r2.search (x):               # start of K: field
+            fields.append (x)
+            i += 1; b = 1
+            break                       # first K: field -> end of header
+        if r3.search (x):               # start of V: field
+            voices.append (x)
+        else:
+            fields.append (x)
+    if b: voices += xs[i:]
+    else: voices += []                  # tune has only header fields
+    header =  '\n'.join (fields)
+    abctext = '\n'.join (voices)
+
+    xs = abctext.split ('[V:')
+    if len (xs) == 1: abctext = '[V:1]' + abctext # abc has no voice defs at all
+    elif r1.sub ('', xs[0]).strip ():   # remove inline fields from starting text, if any
+        abctext = '[V:1]' + abctext     # abc with voices has no V: at start
+
+    r1 = re.compile (r'\[V:\s*(\S*)[ \]]') # get voice id from V: field (skip spaces betwee V: and ID)
+    vmap = {}                           # {voice id -> [voice abc string]}
+    vorder = {}                         # mark document order of voices
+    xs = re.split (r'(\[V:[^]]*\])', abctext)   # split on every V-field (V-fields included in split result list)
+    if len (xs) == 1: raise (Exception ('bugs ...'))
+    else:
+        header += xs[0]     # xs[0] = text between K: and first V:, normally empty, but we put it in the header
+        i = 1
+        while i < len (xs):             # xs = ['', V-field, voice abc, V-field, voice abc, ...]
+            vce, abc = xs[i:i+2]
+            id = r1.search (vce).group (1)                  # get voice ID from V-field
+            vmap[id] = vmap.get (id, []) + [vce, abc]       # collect abc-text for each voice id (include V-fields)
+            if id not in vorder: vorder [id] = i            # store document order of first occurrence of voice id
+            i += 2
+    voices = []
+    ixs = sorted ([(i, id) for id, i in vorder.items ()])   # restore document order of voices
+    for i, id in ixs:
+        voice = ''.join (vmap [id])                         # all abc of one voice
+        xs = re.split (r'((?:\nw:[^\n]*)+)', voice)         # split voice into voice-lyrics blocks
+        if len (xs) == 1:               # no lyrics
+            voice = fixSlurs (xs[0])    # put slurs right after the notes
+            vce_lyr = [[voice, '']]
+        else:
+            if xs[-1].strip () != '': xs.append ('w:')               # last block had no lyrics
+            vce_lyr = []                # [[voice, lyrics],[],...] list of voice-lyrics blocks
+            for k in range (0, len (xs) - 1, 2):
+                voice, lyrics = xs [k:k+2]
+                voice = fixSlurs (voice)    # put slurs right after the notes
+                vce_lyr.append ((voice, lyrics))
+        voices.append ((id, vce_lyr))
+    return header, voices
+
+def mergeMeasure (m1, m2, slur_offset, voice_offset, is_grand=0):
+    slurs = m2.findall ('note/notations/slur')
+    for slr in slurs:
+        slrnum = int (slr.get ('number')) + slur_offset 
+        slr.set ('number', str (slrnum))    # make unique slurnums in m2
+    vs = m2.findall ('note/voice')          # set all voice number elements in m2
+    for v in vs: v.text  = str (voice_offset + int (v.text))
+    ls = m1.findall ('note/lyric')          # all lyric elements in m1
+    lnum_max = max ([int (l.get ('number')) for l in ls] + [0]) # highest lyric number in m1
+    ls = m2.findall ('note/lyric')          # update lyric elements in m2
+    for el in ls:
+        n = int (el.get ('number'))
+        el.set ('number', str (n + lnum_max))
+    ns = m1.findall ('note')    # determine the total duration of m1, subtract all backups
+    dur1 = sum (int (n.find ('duration').text) for n in ns
+                if n.find ('grace') == None and n.find ('chord') == None)
+    dur1 -= sum (int (b.text) for b in m1.findall ('backup/duration'))
+    nns, es = 0, []             # nns = number of real notes in m2
+    for e in m2.getchildren (): # scan all elements of m2
+        if e.tag == 'attributes':
+            if not is_grand: continue # no attribute merging for normal voices
+            else: nns += 1       # but we do merge (clef) attributes for a grand staff
+        if e.tag == 'print': continue
+        if e.tag == 'note' and (mxm.gmwr or e.find ('rest') == None): nns += 1
+        es.append (e)           # buffer elements to be merged
+    if nns > 0:                 # only merge if m2 contains any real notes
+        if dur1 > 0:            # only insert backup if duration of m1 > 0
+            b = E.Element ('backup')
+            addElem (m1, b, level=3)
+            addElemT (b, 'duration', str (dur1), level=4)
+        for e in es: addElem (m1, e, level=3)   # merge buffered elements of m2
+
+def mergePartList (parts, is_grand=0):  # merge parts, make grand staff when is_grand true
+
+    def delAttrs (part):                # for the time being we only keep clef attributes
+        xs = [(m, e) for m in part.findall ('measure') for e in m.findall ('attributes')]
+        for m, e in xs:
+            for c in e.getchildren ():
+                if c.tag == 'clef': continue    # keep clef attribute
+                e.remove (c)                    # delete all other attrinutes for higher staff numbers
+            if len (e.getchildren ()) == 0: m.remove (e)    # remove empty attributes element
+
+    p1 = parts[0]
+    for p2 in parts[1:]:
+        if is_grand: delAttrs (p2)                          # delete all attributes except clef
+        for i in range (len (p1) + 1, len (p2) + 1):        # second part longer than first one
+            maat = E.Element ('measure', number = str(i))   # append empty measures
+            addElem (p1, maat, 2)
+        slurs = p1.findall ('measure/note/notations/slur')  # find highest slur num in first part
+        slur_max = max ([int (slr.get ('number')) for slr in slurs] + [0])
+        vs = p1.findall ('measure/note/voice')              # all voice number elements in first part
+        vnum_max = max ([int (v.text) for v in vs] + [0])   # highest voice number in first part
+        for im, m2 in enumerate (p2.findall ('measure')):   # merge all measures of p2 into p1
+            mergeMeasure (p1[im], m2, slur_max, vnum_max, is_grand) # may change slur numbers in p1
+    return p1
+
+def mergeParts (parts, vids, staves, is_grand=0):
+    if not staves: return parts, vids   # no voice mapping
+    partsnew, vidsnew = [], []
+    for voice_ids in staves:
+        pixs = []
+        for vid in voice_ids:
+            if vid in vids: pixs.append (vids.index (vid))
+            else: info ('score partname %s does not exist' % vid)
+        if pixs:
+            xparts = [parts[pix] for pix in pixs]
+            if len (xparts) > 1: mergedpart = mergePartList (xparts, is_grand)
+            else:                mergedpart = xparts [0]
+            partsnew.append (mergedpart)
+            vidsnew.append (vids [pixs[0]])
+    return partsnew, vidsnew
+
+def mergePartMeasure (part, msre, ovrlaynum):               # merge msre into last measure of part, only for overlays
+    slurs = part.findall ('measure/note/notations/slur')    # find highest slur num in part
+    slur_max = max ([int (slr.get ('number')) for slr in slurs] + [0])
+    last_msre = part.getchildren ()[-1] # last measure in part
+    mergeMeasure (last_msre, msre, slur_max, ovrlaynum)     # voice offset = s.overlayVNum
+
+def setFristVoiceNameFromGroup (vids, vdefs): # vids = [vid], vdef = {vid -> (name, subname, voicedef)}
+    vids = [v for v in vids if v in vdefs]  # only consider defined voices
+    if not vids: return vdefs
+    vid0 = vids [0]                         # first vid of the group
+    _, _, vdef0 = vdefs [vid0]              # keep de voice definition (vdef0) when renaming vid0
+    for vid in vids:
+        nm, snm, vdef = vdefs [vid]
+        if nm:                              # first non empty name encountered will become
+            vdefs [vid0] = nm, snm, vdef0   # name of merged group == name of first voice in group (vid0)
+            break
+    return vdefs
+
+def mkGrand (p, vdefs):             # transform parse subtree into list needed for s.grands
+    xs = []
+    for i, x in enumerate (p.objs): # changing p.objs [i] alters the tree. changing x has no effect on the tree.
+        if type (x) == pObj:
+            us = mkGrand (x, vdefs) # first get transformation results of current pObj
+            if x.name == 'grand':   # x.objs contains ordered list of nested parse results within x
+                vids = [y.objs[0] for y in x.objs[1:]]  # the voice ids in the grand staff
+                nms = [vdefs [u][0] for u in vids if u in vdefs] # the names of those voices
+                accept = sum ([1 for nm in nms if nm]) == 1 # accept as grand staff when only one of the voices has a name
+                if accept or us[0] == '{*':
+                    xs.append (us[1:])      # append voice ids as a list (discard first item '{' or '{*')
+                    vdefs = setFristVoiceNameFromGroup (vids, vdefs)
+                    p.objs [i] = x.objs[1]  # replace voices by first one in the grand group (this modifies the parse tree)
+                else:
+                    xs.extend (us[1:])      # extend current result with all voice ids of rejected grand staff
+            else: xs.extend (us)    # extend current result with transformed pObj
+        else: xs.append (p.t[0])    # append the non pObj (== voice id string)
+    return xs
+
+def mkStaves (p, vdefs):            # transform parse tree into list needed for s.staves
+    xs = []
+    for i, x in enumerate (p.objs): # structure and comments identical to mkGrand
+        if type (x) == pObj:
+            us = mkStaves (x, vdefs)
+            if x.name == 'voicegr':
+                xs.append (us)
+                vids = [y.objs[0] for y in x.objs]
+                vdefs = setFristVoiceNameFromGroup (vids, vdefs)
+                p.objs [i] = x.objs[0]
+            else:
+                xs.extend (us)
+        else:
+            if p.t[0] not in '{*':  xs.append (p.t[0])
+    return xs
+
+def mkGroups (p):                   # transform parse tree into list needed for s.groups
+    xs = []
+    for x in p.objs:
+        if type (x) == pObj:
+            if x.name == 'vid': xs.extend (mkGroups (x))
+            elif x.name == 'bracketgr': xs.extend (['['] + mkGroups (x) + [']'])
+            elif x.name == 'bracegr':   xs.extend (['{'] + mkGroups (x) + ['}'])
+            else: xs.extend (mkGroups (x) + ['}'])  # x.name == 'grand' == rejected grand staff
+        else:
+            xs.append (p.t[0])
+    return xs
+
+class MusicXml:
+    typeMap = {1:'long', 2:'breve', 4:'whole', 8:'half', 16:'quarter', 32:'eighth', 64:'16th', 128:'32nd', 256:'64th'}
+    dynaMap = {'p':1,'pp':1,'ppp':1,'f':1,'ff':1,'fff':1,'mp':1,'mf':1,'sfz':1}
+    wedgeMap = {'>(':1, '>)':1, '<(':1,'<)':1,'crescendo(':1,'crescendo)':1,'diminuendo(':1,'diminuendo)':1}
+    artMap = {'.':'staccato','>':'accent','accent':'accent','wedge':'staccatissimo','tenuto':'tenuto'}
+    ornMap = {'trill':'trill-mark','T':'trill-mark','turn':'turn','uppermordent':'inverted-mordent','lowermordent':'mordent',
+              'pralltriller':'inverted-mordent','mordent':'mordent','turn':'turn','invertedturn':'inverted-turn'}
+    tecMap = {'upbow':'up-bow', 'downbow':'down-bow'}
+    capoMap = {'fine':('Fine','fine','yes'), 'D.S.':('D.S.','dalsegno','segno'), 'D.C.':('D.C.','dacapo','yes'),'dacapo':('D.C.','dacapo','yes'),
+               'dacoda':('To Coda','tocoda','coda'), 'coda':('coda','coda','coda'), 'segno':('segno','segno','segno')}
+    sharpness = ['Fb', 'Cb','Gb','Db','Ab','Eb','Bb','F','C','G','D','A', 'E', 'B', 'F#','C#','G#','D#','A#','E#','B#']
+    offTab = {'maj':8, 'm':11, 'min':11, 'mix':9, 'dor':10, 'phr':12, 'lyd':7, 'loc':13}
+    modTab = {'maj':'major', 'm':'minor', 'min':'minor', 'mix':'mixolydian', 'dor':'dorian', 'phr':'phrygian', 'lyd':'lydian', 'loc':'locrian'}
+    clefMap = { 'alto1':('C','1'), 'alto2':('C','2'), 'alto':('C','3'), 'alto4':('C','4'), 'tenor':('C','4'),
+                'bass3':('F','3'), 'bass':('F','4'), 'treble':('G','2'), 'perc':('percussion',''), 'none':('','')}
+    clefLineMap = {'B':'treble', 'G':'alto1', 'E':'alto2', 'C':'alto', 'A':'tenor', 'F':'bass3', 'D':'bass'}
+    alterTab = {'=':'0', '_':'-1', '__':'-2', '^':'1', '^^':'2'}
+    accTab = {'=':'natural', '_':'flat', '__':'flat-flat', '^':'sharp', '^^':'sharp-sharp'}
+    chordTab = compChordTab ()
+    uSyms = {'~':'roll', 'H':'fermata','L':'>','M':'lowermordent','O':'coda',
+             'P':'uppermordent','S':'segno','T':'trill','u':'upbow','v':'downbow'}
+    pageFmtDef = [1.764,297,210,10,10,10,10] # the MuseScore page formatting defaults for A4
+    creditTab = {'O':'origin', 'A':'area', 'Z':'transcription', 'N':'notes', 'G':'group', 'H':'history', 'R':'rhythm',
+                 'B':'book', 'D':'discography', 'F':'fileurl', 'S':'source'}
+
+    def __init__ (s):
+        s.pageFmtCmd = []   # set by command line option -p
+        s.gmwr = 0          # set by command line option -r
+        s.reset ()
+    def reset (s):
+        s.divisions = 120   # xml duration of 1/4 note
+        s.ties = {}         # {abc pitch tuple -> alteration} for all open ties
+        s.slurstack = []    # stack of open slur numbers
+        s.slurbeg = 0       # number of slurs to start (when slurs are detected at element-level)
+        s.tmnum = 0         # time modification, numerator
+        s.tmden = 0         # time modification, denominator
+        s.ntup = 0          # number of tuplet notes remaining
+        s.tupnts = []       # all tuplet modifiers with corresp. durations: [(duration, modifier), ...]
+        s.irrtup = 0        # 1 if an irregular tuplet
+        s.ntype = ''        # the normal-type of a tuplet (== duration type of a normal tuplet note)
+        s.unitL =  (1, 8)   # default unit length
+        s.unitLcur = (1, 8) # unit length of current voice
+        s.keyAlts = {}      # alterations implied by key
+        s.msreAlts = {}     # temporarily alterations
+        s.curVolta = ''     # open volta bracket
+        s.slurstack = []    # stack of open slur numbers
+        s.title = ''        # title of music
+        s.creator = {}      # {creator-type -> creator string}
+        s.credits = {}      # {credit-type -> string}
+        s.lyrdash = {}      # {lyric number -> 1 if dash between syllables}
+        s.usrSyms = s.uSyms # user defined symbols
+        s.prevNote = None   # xml element of previous beamed note to correct beams (start, continue)
+        s.grcbbrk = False   # remember any bbrk in a grace sequence
+        s.linebrk = 0       # 1 if next measure should start with a line break
+        s.bardecos = []     # barline decorations (coda, segno) that go into the next measure (MuseScore deficiency!)
+        s.nextdecos = []    # decorations for the next note
+        s.prevmsre = None   # the previous measure
+        s.supports_tag = 0  # issue supports-tag in xml file when abc uses explicit linebreaks
+        s.staveDefs = []    # collected %%staves or %%score instructions from score
+        s.staves = []       # staves = [[voice names to be merged into one stave]]
+        s.groups = []       # list of merged part names with interspersed {[ and }]
+        s.grands = []       # [[vid1, vid2, ..], ...] voiceIds to be merged in a grand staff
+        s.gStaffNums = {}   # map each voice id in a grand staff to a staff number
+        s.gNstaves = {}     # map each voice id in a grand staff to total number of staves
+        s.pageFmtAbc = []   # formatting from abc directives
+        s.mdur = (4,4)      # duration of one measure
+        s.gtrans = 0        # octave transposition (by clef)
+        s.midprg = ['', ''] # MIDI channel nr, program nr for the current part
+        s.vid = ''          # abc voice id for the current part
+        s.gcue_on = 0       # insert <cue/> tag in each note
+
+    def mkPitch (s, acc, note, oct, lev):
+        nUp = note.upper ()
+        octnum = (4 if nUp == note else 5) + int (oct) + s.gtrans
+        pitch = E.Element ('pitch')
+        addElemT (pitch, 'step', nUp, lev + 1)
+        alter = ''
+        if (note, oct) in s.ties:
+            tied_alter, _, vnum = s.ties [(note,oct)]               # vnum = overlay voice number when tie started
+            if vnum == s.overlayVnum: alter = tied_alter            # tied note in the same overlay -> same alteration
+        elif acc:
+            s.msreAlts [(nUp, octnum)] = s.alterTab [acc]
+            alter = s.alterTab [acc]                                # explicit notated alteration
+        elif (nUp, octnum) in s.msreAlts:   alter = s.msreAlts [(nUp, octnum)]  # temporary alteration
+        elif nUp in s.keyAlts:              alter = s.keyAlts [nUp] # alteration implied by the key
+        if alter: addElemT (pitch, 'alter', alter, lev + 1)
+        addElemT (pitch, 'octave', str (octnum), lev + 1)
+        return pitch, alter
+
+    def mkNote (s, n, lev):
+        nnum, nden = n.dur.t            # abc dutation of note
+        if nden == 0: nden = 1          # occurs with illegal ABC like: "A2 1". Now interpreted as A2/1
+        num, den = simplify (nnum * s.unitLcur[0], nden * s.unitLcur[1])  # normalised with unit length
+        if den > 64:    # limit denominator to 64
+            num = int (round (64 * float (num) / den))  # scale note to num/64
+            num, den  = simplify (max ([num, 1]), 64)   # smallest num == 1
+            info ('duration too small: rounded to %d/%d' % (num, den))
+        if n.name == 'rest' and ('Z' in n.t or 'X' in n.t):
+              num, den = s.mdur         # duration of one measure
+        dvs = (4 * s.divisions * num) / den     # divisions is xml-duration of 1/4
+        rdvs = dvs                      # real duration (will be 0 for chord/grace)
+        num, den = simplify (num, den * 4)      # scale by 1/4 for s.typeMap
+        ndot = 0
+        if num == 3: ndot = 1; den = den / 2    # look for dotted notes
+        if num == 7: ndot = 2; den = den / 4
+        nt = E.Element ('note')
+        if getattr (n, 'grace', ''):    # a grace note (and possibly a chord note)
+            grace = E.Element ('grace')
+            if s.acciatura: grace.set ('slash', 'yes'); s.acciatura = 0
+            addElem (nt, grace, lev + 1)
+            dvs = rdvs = 0              # no (real) duration for a grace note
+            if den <= 16: den = 32      # not longer than 1/8 for a grace note
+        if s.gcue_on:                   # insert cue tag
+            cue = E.Element ('cue')
+            addElem (nt, cue, lev + 1)
+        if getattr (n, 'chord', ''):    # a chord note
+            chord = E.Element ('chord')
+            addElem (nt, chord, lev + 1)
+            rdvs = 0                    # chord notes no real duration
+        if rdvs and s.ntup >= 0: s.ntup -= 1    # count tuplet notes only on non-chord, non grace notes (rdvs > 0)
+        if den not in s.typeMap:        # take the nearest smaller legal duration
+            info ('illegal duration %d/%d' % (nnum, nden))
+            den = min (x for x in s.typeMap.keys () if x > den)
+        xmltype = str (s.typeMap [den]) # xml needs the note type in addition to duration
+        acc, step, oct = '', 'C', '0'   # abc-notated pitch elements (accidental, pitch step, octave)
+        alter = ''                      # xml alteration
+        if n.name == 'rest':
+            if 'x' in n.t or 'X' in n.t: nt.set ('print-object', 'no')
+            rest = E.Element ('rest')
+            addElem (nt, rest, lev + 1)
+        else:
+            p = n.pitch.t           # get pitch elements from parsed tokens
+            if len (p) == 3:    acc, step, oct = p
+            else:               step, oct = p
+            pitch, alter = s.mkPitch (acc, step, oct, lev + 1)
+            addElem (nt, pitch, lev + 1)
+        if s.ntup >= 0:                 # modify duration for tuplet notes
+            dvs = dvs * s.tmden / s.tmnum
+        if dvs: addElemT (nt, 'duration', str (dvs), lev + 1)   # skip when dvs == 0, requirement of musicXML
+        inst = E.Element ('instrument', id='I-'+s.vid)          # instrument id for midi
+        if s.midprg != ['', '']: addElem (nt, inst, lev + 1)    # only add when %%midi was present
+        addElemT (nt, 'voice', '1', lev + 1)    # default voice, for merging later
+        addElemT (nt, 'type', xmltype, lev + 1) # add note type
+        for i in range (ndot):          # add dots
+            dot = E.Element ('dot')
+            addElem (nt, dot, lev + 1)
+        ptup = (step, oct)              # pitch tuple without alteration to check for ties
+        tstop = ptup in s.ties and s.ties[ptup][2] == s.overlayVnum  # open tie on this pitch tuple in this overlay
+        if acc and not tstop: addElemT (nt, 'accidental', s.accTab [acc], lev + 1) # only add accidental if note not tied
+        tupnotation = ''                # start/stop notation element for tuplets
+        if s.ntup >= 0:                 # add time modification element for tuplet notes
+            tmod = mkTmod (s.tmnum, s.tmden, lev + 1)
+            addElem (nt, tmod, lev + 1)
+            if s.ntup > 0 and not s.tupnts: tupnotation = 'start'
+            s.tupnts.append ((rdvs, tmod))      # remember all tuplet modifiers with corresp. durations
+            if s.ntup == 0:             # last tuplet note (and possible chord notes there after)
+                if rdvs: tupnotation = 'stop'   # only insert notation in the real note (rdvs > 0)
+                s.cmpNormType (rdvs, lev + 1)   # compute and/or add normal-type elements (-> s.ntype)
+        gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)    # staff number of the current voice
+        if gstaff: addElemT (nt, 'staff', str (gstaff), lev + 1)
+        s.doBeams (n, nt, den, lev + 1)
+        s.doNotations (n, ptup, alter, tupnotation, tstop, nt, lev + 1)
+        if n.objs: s.doLyr (n, nt, lev + 1)
+        return nt
+
+    def cmpNormType (s, rdvs, lev): # compute the normal-type of a tuplet (only needed for Finale)
+        if rdvs:    # the last real tuplet note (chord notes can still follow afterwards with rdvs == 0)
+            durs = [dur for dur, tmod in s.tupnts if dur > 0]
+            ndur = sum (durs) / s.tmnum # duration of the normal type
+            s.irrtup = any ((dur != ndur) for dur in durs)  # irregular tuplet
+            tix = 16 * s.divisions / ndur       # index in typeMap of normal-type duration
+            if tix in s.typeMap:
+                s.ntype = str (s.typeMap [tix]) # the normal-type
+            else: s.irrtup = 0          # give up, no normal type possible
+        if s.irrtup:                    # only add normal-type for irregular tuplets
+            for dur, tmod in s.tupnts:  # add normal-type to all modifiers
+                addElemT (tmod, 'normal-type', s.ntype, lev + 1)
+        s.tupnts = []                   # reset the tuplet buffer
+
+    def doNotations (s, n, ptup, alter, tupnotation, tstop, nt, lev):
+        slurs = getattr (n, 'slurs', 0) # slur ends
+        pts = getattr (n, 'pitches', [])            # all chord notes available in the first note
+        if pts:                                     # make list of pitches in chord: [(pitch, octave), ..]
+            if type (pts.pitch) == pObj: pts = [pts.pitch]      # chord with one note
+            else: pts = [tuple (p.t[-2:]) for p in pts.pitch]   # normal chord
+        for pt, (tie_alter, nts, vnum) in s.ties.items ():      # scan all open ties and delete illegal ones
+            if vnum != s.overlayVnum: continue      # tie belongs to different overlay
+            if pts and pt in pts: continue          # pitch tuple of tie exists in chord
+            if getattr (n, 'chord', 0): continue    # skip chord notes
+            if pt == ptup: continue                 # skip correct single note tie
+            if getattr (n, 'grace', 0): continue    # skip grace notes
+            info ('tie between different pitches: %s%s converted to slur' % pt)
+            del s.ties [pt]                         # remove the note from pending ties
+            e = [t for t in nts.findall ('tied') if t.get ('type') == 'start'][0]   # get the tie start element
+            e.tag = 'slur'                          # convert tie into slur
+            slurnum = len (s.slurstack) + 1
+            s.slurstack.append (slurnum)
+            e.set ('number', str (slurnum))
+            if slurs: slurs.t.append (')')          # close slur on this note
+            else: slurs = pObj ('slurs', [')'])
+        tstart = getattr (n, 'tie', 0)  # start a new tie
+        decos = s.nextdecos     # decorations encountered so far
+        ndeco = getattr (n, 'deco', 0)  # possible decorations of notes of a chord
+        if ndeco:               # add decorations, translate used defined symbols
+            decos += [s.usrSyms.get (d, d).strip ('!+') for d in ndeco.t]
+        s.nextdecos = []
+        if not (tstop or tstart or decos or slurs or s.slurbeg or tupnotation): return nt
+        nots = E.Element ('notations')  # notation element needed
+        if tupnotation:         # add tuplet type
+            tup = E.Element ('tuplet', type=tupnotation)
+            if tupnotation == 'start': tup.set ('bracket', 'yes')
+            addElem (nots, tup, lev + 1)
+        if tstop:               # stop tie
+            del s.ties[ptup]    # remove flag
+            tie = E.Element ('tied', type='stop')
+            addElem (nots, tie, lev + 1)
+        if tstart:              # start a tie
+            s.ties[ptup] = (alter, nots, s.overlayVnum) # remember pitch tuple to stop tie and apply same alteration
+            tie = E.Element ('tied', type='start')
+            addElem (nots, tie, lev + 1)
+        if decos:               # look for slurs and decorations
+            arts = []           # collect articulations
+            for d in decos:     # do all slurs and decos
+                if d == '(': s.slurbeg += 1; continue # slurs made in while loop at the end
+                elif d == 'fermata' or d == 'H':
+                    ntn = E.Element ('fermata', type='upright')
+                elif d == 'arpeggio':
+                    ntn = E.Element ('arpeggiate', number='1')
+                else: arts.append (d); continue
+                addElem (nots, ntn, lev + 1)
+            if arts:        # do only note articulations and collect staff annotations in xmldecos
+                rest = s.doArticulations (nots, arts, lev + 1)
+                if rest: info ('unhandled note decorations: %s' % rest)
+        while s.slurbeg > 0:
+            s.slurbeg -= 1
+            slurnum = len (s.slurstack) + 1
+            s.slurstack.append (slurnum)
+            ntn = E.Element ('slur', number='%d' % slurnum, type='start')
+            addElem (nots, ntn, lev + 1)            
+        if slurs:           # these are only slur endings
+            for d in slurs.t:
+                if not s.slurstack: break   # no more open slurs
+                slurnum = s.slurstack.pop ()
+                slur = E.Element ('slur', number='%d' % slurnum, type='stop')
+                addElem (nots, slur, lev + 1)
+        if nots.getchildren() != []:        # only add notations if not empty
+            addElem (nt, nots, lev)
+
+    def doArticulations (s, nots, arts, lev):
+        decos = []
+        for a in arts:
+            if a in s.artMap:
+                art = E.Element ('articulations')
+                addElem (nots, art, lev)
+                addElem (art, E.Element (s.artMap[a]), lev + 1)
+            elif a in s.ornMap:
+                orn = E.Element ('ornaments')
+                addElem (nots, orn, lev)
+                addElem (orn, E.Element (s.ornMap[a]), lev + 1)
+            elif a in s.tecMap:
+                tec = E.Element ('technical')
+                addElem (nots, tec, lev)
+                addElem (tec, E.Element (s.tecMap[a]), lev + 1)
+            else: decos.append (a)  # return staff annotations
+        return decos
+
+    def doLyr (s, n, nt, lev):
+        for i, lyrobj in enumerate (n.objs):
+            if lyrobj.name != 'syl': continue
+            dash = len (lyrobj.t) == 2
+            if dash:
+                if i in s.lyrdash:  type = 'middle'
+                else:               type = 'begin'; s.lyrdash [i] = 1
+            else:
+                if i in s.lyrdash:  type = 'end';   del s.lyrdash [i]
+                else:               type = 'single'
+            lyrel = E.Element ('lyric', number = str (i + 1))
+            addElem (nt, lyrel, lev)
+            addElemT (lyrel, 'syllabic', type, lev + 1)
+            addElemT (lyrel, 'text', lyrobj.t[0].replace ('~',' '), lev + 1)
+
+    def doBeams (s, n, nt, den, lev):
+        if hasattr (n, 'chord') or hasattr (n, 'grace'):
+            s.grcbbrk = s.grcbbrk or n.bbrk.t[0]    # remember if there was any bbrk in or before a grace sequence
+            return
+        bbrk = s.grcbbrk or n.bbrk.t[0] or den < 32
+        s.grcbbrk = False
+        if not s.prevNote:  pbm = None
+        else:               pbm = s.prevNote.find ('beam')
+        bm = E.Element ('beam', number='1')
+        bm.text = 'begin'
+        if pbm != None:
+            if bbrk:
+                if pbm.text == 'begin':
+                    s.prevNote.remove (pbm)
+                elif pbm.text == 'continue':
+                    pbm.text = 'end'
+                s.prevNote = None
+            else: bm.text = 'continue'
+        if den >= 32 and n.name != 'rest':
+            addElem (nt, bm, lev)
+            s.prevNote = nt
+
+    def stopBeams (s):
+        if not s.prevNote: return
+        pbm = s.prevNote.find ('beam')
+        if pbm != None:
+            if pbm.text == 'begin':
+                s.prevNote.remove (pbm)
+            elif pbm.text == 'continue':
+                pbm.text = 'end'
+        s.prevNote = None
+
+    def staffDecos (s, decos, maat, lev, bardecos=0):
+        gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)        # staff number of the current voice        
+        for d in decos:
+            d = s.usrSyms.get (d, d).strip ('!+')   # try to replace user defined symbol
+            if d in s.dynaMap:
+                dynel = E.Element ('dynamics')
+                addDirection (maat, dynel, lev, gstaff, [E.Element (d)], 'below', s.gcue_on)
+            elif d in s.wedgeMap:  # wedge
+                if ')' in d: type = 'stop'
+                else: type = 'crescendo' if '<' in d or 'crescendo' in d else 'diminuendo'
+                addDirection (maat, E.Element ('wedge', type=type), lev, gstaff)
+            elif d in ['coda', 'segno']:
+                if bardecos: s.bardecos.append (d)  # postpone to begin next measure
+                else:
+                    text, attr, val = s.capoMap [d]
+                    dir = addDirection (maat, E.Element (text), lev, gstaff, placement='above')
+                    sound = E.Element ('sound'); sound.set (attr, val)
+                    addElem (dir, sound, lev + 1)
+            elif d in s.capoMap:
+                text, attr, val = s.capoMap [d]
+                words = E.Element ('words'); words.text = text
+                dir = addDirection (maat, words, lev, gstaff, placement='above')
+                sound = E.Element ('sound'); sound.set (attr, val)
+                addElem (dir, sound, lev + 1)
+            elif d == '(': s.slurbeg += 1   # start slur on next note
+            else: s.nextdecos.append (d)    # keep annotation for the next note
+
+    def doFields (s, maat, fieldmap, lev):
+        def doClef ():
+            clef, gtrans = 0, 0
+            clefn = re.search (r'alto1|alto2|alto4|alto|tenor|bass3|bass|treble|perc|none', field)
+            clefm = re.search (r"(?:^m=| m=|middle=)([A-Ga-g])([,']*)", field)
+            trans_oct2 = re.search (r'octave=([-+]\d)', field)
+            trans = re.search (r'(?:^t=| t=|transpose=)(-?[\d]+)', field)
+            trans_oct = re.search (r'([+-^_])(8|15)', field)
+            cue_onoff = re.search (r'cue=(on|off)', field)
+            if clefn:
+                clef = clefn.group ()
+            if clefm:
+                note, octstr = clefm.groups ()
+                nUp = note.upper ()
+                octnum = (4 if nUp == note else 5) + (len (octstr) if "'" in octstr else -len (octstr))
+                gtrans = (3 if nUp in 'AFD' else 4) - octnum 
+                if clef not in ['perc', 'none']: clef = s.clefLineMap [nUp]
+            if clef:
+                s.gtrans = gtrans   # only change global tranposition when a clef is really defined
+                sign, line = s.clefMap [clef]
+                if not sign: return
+                c = E.Element ('clef')
+                gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)        # the current staff number
+                if gstaff: c.set ('number', str (gstaff))   # only add staff number when defined
+                addElemT (c, 'sign', sign, lev + 2)
+                if line: addElemT (c, 'line', line, lev + 2)
+                if trans_oct:
+                    n = trans_oct.group (1) in '-_' and -1 or 1
+                    if trans_oct.group (2) == '15': n *= 2  # 8 => 1 octave, 15 => 2 octaves
+                    addElemT (c, 'clef-octave-change', str (n), lev + 2) # transpose print out
+                    if trans_oct.group (1) in '+-': s.gtrans += n   # also transpose all pitches with one octave
+                if trans_oct2:
+                    n = int (trans_oct2.group (1))
+                    s.gtrans += n
+                atts.append ((7, c))
+            if trans != None:   # add transposition in semitones
+                e = E.Element ('transpose')
+                addElemT (e, 'chromatic', str (trans.group (1)), lev + 3)
+                atts.append ((9, e))
+            if cue_onoff: s.gcue_on = cue_onoff.group (1) == 'on'
+        atts = []               # collect xml attribute elements [(order-number, xml-element), ..]
+        for ftype, field in fieldmap.items ():
+            if not field:       # skip empty fields
+                continue
+            if ftype == 'Div':  # not an abc field, but handled as if
+                d = E.Element ('divisions')
+                d.text = field
+                atts.append ((1, d))
+            elif ftype == 'gstaff':  # make grand staff
+                e = E.Element ('staves')
+                e.text = str (field)
+                atts.append ((4, e))
+            elif ftype == 'M':
+                if field == 'none': continue
+                if field == 'C': field = '4/4'
+                elif field == 'C|': field = '2/2'
+                t = E.Element ('time')
+                if '/' not in field:
+                    info ('M:%s not recognized, 4/4 assumed' % field)
+                    field = '4/4'
+                beats, btype = field.split ('/')[:2]
+                try: s.mdur = simplify (eval (beats), int (btype))  # measure duration for Z and X rests (eval allows M:2+3/4)
+                except:
+                    info ('error in M:%s, 4/4 assumed' % field)
+                    s.mdur = (4,4)
+                    beats, btype = '4','4'
+                addElemT (t, 'beats', beats, lev + 2)
+                addElemT (t, 'beat-type', btype, lev + 2)
+                atts.append ((3, t))
+            elif ftype == 'K':
+                accs = ['F','C','G','D','A','E','B']    # == s.sharpness [7:14]
+                mode = ''
+                key = re.match (r'\s*([A-G][#b]?)\s*([a-zA-Z]*)', field)
+                alts = re.search (r'\s((\s?[=^_][A-Ga-g])+)', ' ' + field)  # avoid matching middle=G and m=G
+                if key:
+                    key, mode = key.groups ()
+                    mode = mode.lower ()[:3] # only first three chars, no case
+                    if mode not in s.offTab: mode = 'maj'
+                    fifths = s.sharpness.index (key) - s.offTab [mode]
+                    if fifths >= 0: s.keyAlts = dict (zip (accs[:fifths], fifths * ['1']))
+                    else:           s.keyAlts = dict (zip (accs[fifths:], -fifths * ['-1']))
+                elif field.startswith ('none') or field == '':  # the default key
+                    fifths = 0
+                    mode = 'maj'
+                if alts:
+                    alts = re.findall (r'[=^_][A-Ga-g]', alts.group(1)) # list of explicit alterations
+                    alts = [(x[1], s.alterTab [x[0]]) for x in alts]    # [step, alter]
+                    for step, alter in alts:                # correct permanent alterations for this key
+                        s.keyAlts [step.upper ()] = alter
+                    k = E.Element ('key')
+                    koctave = []
+                    lowerCaseSteps = [step.upper () for step, alter in alts if step.islower ()]
+                    for step, alter in s.keyAlts.items ():
+                        if alter == '0':                    # skip neutrals
+                            del s.keyAlts [step.upper ()]   # otherwise you get neutral signs on normal notes
+                            continue
+                        addElemT (k, 'key-step', step.upper (), lev + 2)
+                        addElemT (k, 'key-alter', alter, lev + 2)
+                        koctave.append ('5' if step in lowerCaseSteps else '4')
+                    if koctave:                     # only key signature if not empty
+                        for oct in koctave:
+                            e = E.Element ('key-octave', number=oct)
+                            addElem (k, e, lev + 2)
+                        atts.append ((2, k))
+                elif mode:
+                    k = E.Element ('key')
+                    addElemT (k, 'fifths', str (fifths), lev + 2)
+                    addElemT (k, 'mode', s.modTab [mode], lev + 2)
+                    atts.append ((2, k))
+                doClef ()
+            elif ftype == 'L':
+                s.unitLcur = map (int, field.split ('/'))
+                if len (s.unitLcur) == 1 or s.unitLcur[1] not in s.typeMap:
+                    info ('L:%s is not allowed, 1/8 assumed' % field)
+                    s.unitLcur = 1,8
+            elif ftype == 'V':
+                doClef ()
+            elif ftype == 'I':
+                xs = s.doField_I (ftype, field)
+                if xs and len (xs) == 1:    # when "%%MIDI transpose" matched insert 'attribute/transpose/chromatic'
+                    e = E.Element ('transpose')
+                    addElemT (e, 'chromatic', xs[0], lev + 2)  # xs[0] == signed number string given after transpose
+                    atts.append ((9, e))
+                if xs and len (xs) == 2:    # repeated occurrence of [I:MIDI] -> instrument change
+                    midchan, midprog = xs
+                    snd = E.Element ('sound')
+                    mi = E.Element ('midi-instrument', id='I-' + s.vid)
+                    addElem (maat, snd, lev)
+                    addElem (snd, mi, lev + 1)
+                    if midchan: addElemT (mi, 'midi-channel', midchan, lev + 2)
+                    if midprog: addElemT (mi, 'midi-program', str (int (midprog) + 1), lev + 2) # compatible with abc2midi
+
+            elif ftype == 'Q':
+                s.doTempo (maat, field, lev)
+            elif ftype in 'TCOAZNGHRBDFSU':
+                info ('**illegal header field in body: %s, content: %s' % (ftype, field))
+            else:
+                info ('unhandled field: %s, content: %s' % (ftype, field))
+
+        if atts:
+            att = E.Element ('attributes')      # insert sub elements in the order required by musicXML
+            addElem (maat, att, lev)
+            for _, att_elem in sorted (atts):   # ordering !
+                addElem (att, att_elem, lev + 1)
+
+    def doTempo (s, maat, field, lev):
+        gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)    # staff number of the current voice
+        t = re.search (r'(\d)/(\d\d?)\s*=\s*([.\d]+)|([.\d]+)', field)
+        if not t: return
+        try:
+            if t.group (4):
+                num, den, upm = 1, s.unitLcur[1] , float (t.group (4))
+            else:
+                num, den, upm = int (t.group (1)), int (t.group (2)), float (t.group (3))
+        except: return  # float or int conversion failure
+        if num != 1: info ('in Q: numerator > 1 in %d/%d not supported' % (num, den))
+        qpm = 4. * num * upm / den
+        metro = E.Element ('metronome')
+        u = E.Element ('beat-unit'); u.text = s.typeMap [4 * den]
+        pm = E.Element ('per-minute'); pm.text = '%.2f' % upm
+        dir = addDirection (maat, metro, lev, gstaff, [u, pm], placement='above')
+        sound = E.Element ('sound'); sound.set ('tempo', '%.2f' % qpm)
+        addElem (dir, sound, lev + 1)
+
+    def mkBarline (s, maat, loc, lev, style='', dir='', ending=''):
+        b = E.Element ('barline', location=loc)
+        if style:
+            addElemT (b, 'bar-style', style, lev + 1)
+        if s.curVolta:    # first stop a current volta
+            end = E.Element ('ending', number=s.curVolta, type='stop')
+            s.curVolta = ''
+            if loc == 'left':   # stop should always go to a right barline
+                bp = E.Element ('barline', location='right')
+                addElem (bp, end, lev + 1)
+                addElem (s.prevmsre, bp, lev)   # prevmsre has no right barline! (ending would have stopped there)
+            else:
+                addElem (b, end, lev + 1)
+        if ending:
+            ending = ending.replace ('-',',')   # MusicXML only accepts comma's
+            endtxt = ''
+            if ending.startswith ('"'):     # ending is a quoted string
+                endtxt = ending.strip ('"')
+                ending = '33'               # any number that is not likely to occur elsewhere
+            end = E.Element ('ending', number=ending, type='start')
+            if endtxt: end.text = endtxt    # text appears in score in stead of number attribute
+            addElem (b, end, lev + 1)
+            s.curVolta = ending
+        if dir:
+            r = E.Element ('repeat', direction=dir)
+            addElem (b, r, lev + 1)
+        addElem (maat, b, lev)
+
+    def doChordSym (s, maat, sym, lev):
+        alterMap = {'#':'1','=':'0','b':'-1'}
+        rnt = sym.root.t
+        chord = E.Element ('harmony')
+        addElem (maat, chord, lev)
+        root = E.Element ('root')
+        addElem (chord, root, lev + 1)
+        addElemT (root, 'root-step', rnt[0], lev + 2)
+        if len (rnt) == 2: addElemT (root, 'root-alter', alterMap [rnt[1]], lev + 2)
+        kind = s.chordTab.get (sym.kind.t[0], 'major')
+        addElemT (chord, 'kind', kind, lev + 1)
+        degs = getattr (sym, 'degree', '')
+        if degs:
+            if type (degs) != types.ListType: degs = [degs]
+            for deg in degs:
+                deg = deg.t[0]
+                if deg[0] == '#':   alter = '1';  deg = deg[1:]
+                elif deg[0] == 'b': alter = '-1'; deg = deg[1:]
+                else:               alter = '0';  deg = deg
+                degree = E.Element ('degree')
+                addElem (chord, degree, lev + 1)
+                addElemT (degree, 'degree-value', deg, lev + 2)
+                addElemT (degree, 'degree-alter', alter, lev + 2)
+                addElemT (degree, 'degree-type', 'add', lev + 2)
+
+    def mkMeasure (s, i, t, lev, fieldmap={}):
+        s.msreAlts = {}
+        s.ntup = -1
+        s.acciatura = 0 # next grace element gets acciatura attribute
+        overlay = 0
+        maat = E.Element ('measure', number = str(i))
+        if fieldmap: s.doFields (maat, fieldmap, lev + 1)
+        if s.linebrk:   # there was a line break in the previous measure
+            e = E.Element ('print')
+            e.set ('new-system', 'yes')
+            addElem (maat, e, lev + 1)
+            s.linebrk = 0
+        if s.bardecos:  # output coda and segno attached to the previous right barline
+            s.staffDecos (s.bardecos, maat, lev + 1)
+            s.bardecos = []
+        for it, x in enumerate (t):
+            if x.name == 'note' or x.name == 'rest':
+                note = s.mkNote (x, lev + 1)
+                addElem (maat, note, lev + 1)
+            elif x.name == 'lbar':
+                bar = x.t[0]
+                if bar == '|': pass # skip redundant bar
+                elif ':' in bar:    # forward repeat
+                    volta = x.t[1] if len (x.t) == 2  else ''
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'left', lev + 1, style='heavy-light', dir='forward', ending=volta)
+                else:               # bar must be a volta number
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'left', lev + 1, ending=bar)
+            elif x.name == 'rbar':
+                if hasattr (x, 'deco'): # MuseScore does not support this -> emergency solution
+                    s.staffDecos (x.deco.t, maat, lev + 1, bardecos=1)  # coda, segno -> next measure
+                bar = x.t[0]
+                if bar == '.|':
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'right', lev + 1, style='dotted')
+                elif ':' in bar:  # backward repeat
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'right', lev + 1, style='light-heavy', dir='backward')
+                elif bar == '||':
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'right', lev + 1, style='light-light')
+                elif bar == '[|]' or bar == '[]':
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'right', lev + 1, style='none')
+                elif '[' in bar or ']' in bar:
+                    s.mkBarline (maat, 'right', lev + 1, style='light-heavy')
+                elif bar[0] == '&': overlay = 1
+            elif x.name == 'tup':
+                if len (x.t) == 3:  n, into, nts = x.t
+                else:               n, into, nts = x.t[0], 0, 0
+                if into == 0: into = 3 if n in [2,4,8] else 2
+                if nts == 0: nts = n
+                s.tmnum, s.tmden, s.ntup = n, into, nts
+            elif x.name == 'deco':
+                s.staffDecos (x.t, maat, lev + 1)   # output staff decos, postpone note decos to next note
+            elif x.name == 'text':
+                pos, text = x.t[:2]
+                place = 'above' if pos == '^' else 'below'
+                words = E.Element ('words')
+                words.text = text
+                gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)    # staff number of the current voice
+                addDirection (maat, words, lev + 1, gstaff, placement=place)
+            elif x.name == 'inline':
+                fieldtype, fieldval = x.t[:2]
+                s.doFields (maat, {fieldtype:fieldval}, lev + 1)
+            elif x.name == 'accia': s.acciatura = 1
+            elif x.name == 'linebrk':
+                s.supports_tag = 1
+                if it > 0 and t[it -1].name == 'lbar':  # we are at start of measure
+                    e = E.Element ('print')             # output linebreak now
+                    e.set ('new-system', 'yes')
+                    addElem (maat, e, lev + 1)
+                else:
+                    s.linebrk = 1   # output linebreak at start of next measure
+            elif x.name == 'chordsym':
+                s.doChordSym (maat, x, lev + 1)
+        s.stopBeams ()
+        s.prevmsre = maat
+        return maat, overlay
+
+    def mkPart (s, maten, id, lev, attrs, nstaves):
+        s.slurstack = []
+        s.unitLcur = s.unitL    # set the default unit length at begin of each voice
+        s.curVolta = ''
+        s.lyrdash = {}
+        s.linebrk = 0
+        s.midprg = ['', '']     # MIDI channel nr, program nr for the current part
+        s.gcue_on = 0           # reset cue note marker for each new voice
+        s.gtrans = 0            # reset octave transposition (by clef)
+        part = E.Element ('part', id=id)
+        s.overlayVnum = 0       # overlay voice number to relate ties that extend from one overlayed measure to the next
+        gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)    # staff number of the current voice
+        attrs_cpy = attrs.copy ()   # don't change attrs itself in next line
+        if gstaff == 1: attrs_cpy ['gstaff'] = nstaves  # make a grand staff
+        msre, overlay = s.mkMeasure (1, maten[0], lev + 1, attrs_cpy)
+        addElem (part, msre, lev + 1)
+        for i, maat in enumerate (maten[1:]):
+            s.overlayVnum = s.overlayVnum + 1 if overlay else 0
+            msre, next_overlay = s.mkMeasure (i+2, maat, lev + 1)
+            if overlay: mergePartMeasure (part, msre, s.overlayVnum)
+            else:       addElem (part, msre, lev + 1)
+            overlay = next_overlay
+        return part
+
+    def mkScorePart (s, id, vids_p, partAttr, lev):
+        naam, subnm, midprg = partAttr [id]
+        sp = E.Element ('score-part', id='P'+id)
+        nm = E.Element ('part-name')
+        nm.text = naam
+        addElem (sp, nm, lev + 1)
+        snm = E.Element ('part-abbreviation')
+        snm.text = subnm
+        if subnm: addElem (sp, snm, lev + 1)    # only add if subname was given
+        if s.staves: instr_vids = [vids for vids in s.staves if vids[0] == id][0]
+        else:        instr_vids = [id]
+        inst = []
+        for id in instr_vids:
+            if id not in partAttr: continue     # error in %%score -> instr_vids may have non existing id's
+            naam, subnm, midprg = partAttr [id]
+            midchan, midprog = midprg
+            if not midchan and not midprog: continue    # only add if program nr or channel was given
+            si = E.Element ('score-instrument', id='I-'+id)
+            addElemT (si, 'instrument-name', naam, lev + 2)
+            mi = E.Element ('midi-instrument', id='I-'+id)
+            if midchan: addElemT (mi, 'midi-channel', midchan, lev + 2)
+            if midprog: addElemT (mi, 'midi-program', str (int (midprog) + 1), lev + 2) # compatible with abc2midi
+            inst.append ((si, mi))
+        for si, mi in inst: addElem (sp, si, lev + 1)
+        for si, mi in inst: addElem (sp, mi, lev + 1)
+        return sp, len (inst)
+
+    def mkPartlist (s, vids, partAttr, lev):
+        def addPartGroup (sym, num):
+            pg = E.Element ('part-group', number=str (num), type='start')
+            addElem (partlist, pg, lev + 1)
+            addElemT (pg, 'group-symbol', sym, lev + 2)
+            addElemT (pg, 'group-barline', 'yes', lev + 2)
+        partlist = E.Element ('part-list')
+        g_num = 0       # xml group number
+        nInstrs = []    # number of instruments in each part
+        for g in (s.groups or vids):    # brace/bracket or abc_voice_id
+            if   g == '[': g_num += 1; addPartGroup ('bracket', g_num)
+            elif g == '{': g_num += 1; addPartGroup ('brace', g_num)
+            elif g in '}]':
+                pg = E.Element ('part-group', number=str (g_num), type='stop')
+                addElem (partlist, pg, lev + 1)
+                g_num -= 1
+            else:   # g = abc_voice_id
+                if g not in vids: continue  # error in %%score
+                sp, nInst = s.mkScorePart (g, vids, partAttr, lev + 1)
+                addElem (partlist, sp, lev + 1)
+                nInstrs.append (nInst)
+        return partlist, nInstrs
+
+    def doField_I (s, type, x):
+        def readPfmt (x, n): # read ABC page formatting constant
+            if not s.pageFmtAbc: s.pageFmtAbc = s.pageFmtDef    # set the default values on first change
+            ro = re.search (r'[^.\d]*([\d.]+)\s*(cm|in|pt)?', x)    # float followed by unit
+            if ro:
+                x, unit = ro.groups ()  # unit == None when not present
+                u = {'cm':10., 'in':25.4, 'pt':25.4/72} [unit] if unit else 1.
+                s.pageFmtAbc [n] = float (x) * u   # convert ABC values to millimeters
+            else: info ('error in page format: %s' % x)
+
+        if x.startswith ('score') or x.startswith ('staves'):
+            s.staveDefs += [x]          # collect all voice mappings
+        elif x.startswith ('staffwidth'): info ('skipped I-field: %s' % x)
+        elif x.startswith ('staff'):    # set new staff number of the current voice
+            r1 = re.search (r'staff *([+-]?)(\d)', x)
+            if r1:
+                sign = r1.group (1)
+                num = int (r1.group (2))
+                gstaff = s.gStaffNums.get (s.vid, 0)    # staff number of the current voice
+                if sign:                                # relative staff number
+                    num = (sign == '-') and gstaff - num or gstaff + num
+                else:                                   # absolute abc staff number
+                    try: vabc = s.staves [num - 1][0]   # vid of (first voice of) abc-staff num
+                    except: vabc = 0; info ('abc staff %s does not exist' % num)
+                    num = s.gStaffNumsOrg.get (vabc, 0) # xml staff number of abc-staff num
+                if gstaff and num > 0 and num <= s.gNstaves [s.vid]:
+                    s.gStaffNums [s.vid] = num
+                else: info ('could not relocate to staff: %s' % r1.group ())
+            else: info ('not a valid staff redirection: %s' % x)
+        elif x.startswith ('scale'): readPfmt (x, 0)
+        elif x.startswith ('pageheight'): readPfmt (x, 1)
+        elif x.startswith ('pagewidth'): readPfmt (x, 2)
+        elif x.startswith ('leftmargin'): readPfmt (x, 3)
+        elif x.startswith ('rightmargin'): readPfmt (x, 4)
+        elif x.startswith ('topmargin'): readPfmt (x, 5)
+        elif x.startswith ('botmargin'): readPfmt (x, 6)
+        elif x.startswith ('MIDI'):
+            r1 = re.search (r'program *(\d*) +(\d+)', x)
+            r2 = re.search (r'channel\D*(\d+)', x)
+            if r1: ch, prg = r1.groups ()        # channel nr or '', program nr
+            if r2: ch, prg = r2.group (1), ''    # channel nr only
+            if r1 or r2:
+                if s.midprg[1] == '': # no instrument defined yet
+                    s.midprg[1] = prg
+                    if ch: s.midprg[0] = ch
+                elif ch and s.midprg[0] == '':  # no channel defined yet
+                    s.midprg[0] = ch
+                else:   # repeated midi def -> insert instument change
+                    return [ch, prg]
+            r = re.search (r'transpose[^-\d]*(-?\d+)', x)
+            if r: return [r.group (1)]
+        else: info ('skipped I-field: %s' % x)
+
+    def parseStaveDef (s, vdefs):
+        if not s.staveDefs: return vdefs
+        for x in s.staveDefs [1:]: info ('%%%%%s dropped, multiple stave mappings not supported' % x)
+        x = s.staveDefs [0]                                 # only the first %%score is honoured
+        score = abc_scoredef.parseString (x) [0]
+        f = lambda x: type (x) == types.UnicodeType and [x] or x
+        s.staves = map (f, mkStaves (score, vdefs))
+        s.grands = map (f, mkGrand (score, vdefs))
+        s.groups = mkGroups (score)
+        vce_groups = [vids for vids in s.staves if len (vids) > 1]  # all voice groups
+        d = {}                                              # for each voice group: map first voice id -> all merged voice ids
+        for vgr in vce_groups: d [vgr[0]] = vgr
+        for gstaff in s.grands:                             # for all grand staves
+            if len (gstaff) == 1: continue                  # skip single parts
+            for v, stf_num in zip (gstaff, range (1, len (gstaff) + 1)):
+                for vx in d.get (v, [v]):                   # allocate staff numbers
+                    s.gStaffNums [vx] = stf_num             # to all constituant voices
+                    s.gNstaves [vx] = len (gstaff)          # also remember total number of staves
+        s.gStaffNumsOrg = s.gStaffNums.copy ()              # keep original allocation for abc -> xml staff map
+        return vdefs
+
+    def voiceNamesAndMaps (s, ps):  # get voice names and mappings
+        vdefs = {}
+        for vid, vcedef, vce in ps: # vcedef == emtpy of first pObj == voice definition
+            pname, psubnm = '', ''  # part name and abbreviation
+            if not vcedef:          # simple abc without voice definitions
+                vdefs [vid] =  pname, psubnm, ''
+            else:                   # abc with voice definitions
+                if vid != vcedef.t[1]: info ('voice ids unequal: %s (reg-ex) != %s (grammar)' % (vid, vcedef.t[1]))
+                rn = re.search (r'(?:name|nm)="([^"]*)"', vcedef.t[2])
+                if rn: pname = rn.group (1)
+                rn = re.search (r'(?:subname|snm|sname)="([^"]*)"', vcedef.t[2])
+                if rn: psubnm = rn.group (1)
+                vdefs [vid] =  pname, psubnm, vcedef.t[2]
+            xs = [pObj.t[1] for maat in vce for pObj in maat if pObj.name == 'inline']  # all inline statements in vce
+            s.staveDefs += [x for x in xs if x.startswith ('score') or x.startswith ('staves')] # filter %%score and %%staves
+        return vdefs
+
+    def doHeaderField (s, fld, attrmap):
+        type, value = fld.t[:2]
+        if not value:    # skip empty field
+            return
+        if type == 'M':
+            attrmap [type] = value
+        elif type == 'L':
+            try: s.unitL = map (int, fld.t[1].split ('/'))
+            except:
+                info ('illegal unit length:%s, 1/8 assumed' % fld.t[1])
+                s.unitL = 1,8
+            if len (s.unitL) == 1 or s.unitL[1] not in s.typeMap:
+                info ('L:%s is not allowed, 1/8 assumed' % fld.t[1])
+                s.unitL = 1,8
+        elif type == 'K':
+            attrmap[type] = value
+        elif type == 'T':
+            if s.title: s.title = s.title + '\n' + value
+            else:       s.title = value
+        elif type == 'C':
+            s.creator ['composer'] = s.creator.get ('composer', '') + value
+        elif type == 'Z':
+            s.creator ['lyricist'] = s.creator.get ('lyricist', '') + value
+        elif type == 'U':
+            sym = fld.t[2].strip ('!+')
+            s.usrSyms [value] = sym
+        elif type == 'I':
+            s.doField_I (type, value)
+        elif type == 'Q':
+            attrmap[type] = value
+        elif type in s.creditTab: s.credits [s.creditTab [type]] = value
+        else:
+            info ('skipped header: %s' % fld)
+
+    def mkIdentification (s, score, lev):
+        if s.title:
+            addElemT (score, 'movement-title', s.title, lev + 1)
+        ident = E.Element ('identification')
+        addElem (score, ident, lev + 1)
+        if s.creator:
+            for ctype, cname in s.creator.items ():
+                c = E.Element ('creator', type=ctype)
+                c.text = cname
+                addElem (ident, c, lev + 2)
+        encoding = E.Element ('encoding')
+        addElem (ident, encoding, lev + 2)
+        encoder = E.Element ('encoder')
+        encoder.text = 'abc2xml version %d' % VERSION
+        addElem (encoding, encoder, lev + 3)
+        if s.supports_tag:  # avoids interference of auto-flowing and explicit linebreaks
+            suports = E.Element ('supports', attribute="new-system", element="print", type="yes", value="yes")
+            addElem (encoding, suports, lev + 3)
+        encodingDate = E.Element ('encoding-date')
+        encodingDate.text = str (datetime.date.today ())
+        addElem (encoding, encodingDate, lev + 3)
+
+    def mkDefaults (s, score, lev):
+        if s.pageFmtCmd: s.pageFmtAbc = s.pageFmtCmd
+        if not s.pageFmtAbc: return # do not output the defaults if none is desired
+        space, h, w, l, r, t, b = s.pageFmtAbc
+        mils = 4 * space    # staff height in millimeters
+        scale = 40. / mils  # tenth's per millimeter
+        dflts = E.Element ('defaults')
+        addElem (score, dflts, lev)
+        scaling = E.Element ('scaling')
+        addElem (dflts, scaling, lev + 1)
+        addElemT (scaling, 'millimeters', '%g' % mils, lev + 2)
+        addElemT (scaling, 'tenths', '40', lev + 2)
+        layout = E.Element ('page-layout')
+        addElem (dflts, layout, lev + 1)
+        addElemT (layout, 'page-height', '%g' % (h * scale), lev + 2)
+        addElemT (layout, 'page-width', '%g' % (w * scale), lev + 2)
+        margins = E.Element ('page-margins', type='both')
+        addElem (layout, margins, lev + 2)
+        addElemT (margins, 'left-margin', '%g' % (l * scale), lev + 3)
+        addElemT (margins, 'right-margin', '%g' % (r * scale), lev + 3)
+        addElemT (margins, 'top-margin', '%g' % (t * scale), lev + 3)
+        addElemT (margins, 'bottom-margin', '%g' % (b * scale), lev + 3)
+
+    def mkCredits (s, score, lev):
+        if not s.credits: return
+        for ctype, ctext in s.credits.items ():
+            credit = E.Element ('credit', page='1')
+            addElemT (credit, 'credit-type', ctype, lev + 2)
+            addElemT (credit, 'credit-words', ctext, lev + 2)
+            addElem (score, credit, lev)
+
+    def parse (s, abc_string):
+        abctext = abc_string if type (abc_string) == types.UnicodeType else decodeInput (abc_string)
+        abctext = abctext.replace ('[I:staff ','[I:staff')  # avoid false beam breaks
+        s.reset ()
+        header, voices = splitHeaderVoices (abctext)
+        ps = []
+        try:
+            hs = abc_header.parseString (header) if header else ''
+            for id, vce_lyr in voices:  # vce_lyr = [voice-block] where voice-block = (measures, corresponding lyric lines)
+                vcelyr = []             # list of measures where measure = list of elements (see syntax)
+                prevLeftBar = None      # previous voice ended with a left-bar symbol (double repeat)
+                for voice, lyr in vce_lyr:
+                    vce = abc_voice.parseString (voice).asList ()
+                    if not vce:         # empty voice, insert an inline field that will be rejected
+                        vce = [[pObj ('inline', ['I', 'empty voice'])]]
+                    if prevLeftBar:
+                        vce[0].insert (0, prevLeftBar)  # insert at begin of first measure
+                        prevLeftBar = None
+                    if vce[-1] and vce[-1][-1].name == 'lbar':  # last measure ends with an lbar
+                        prevLeftBar = vce[-1][-1]
+                        if len (vce) > 1:   # vce should not become empty (-> exception when taking vcelyr [0][0])
+                            del vce[-1]     # lbar was the only element in measure vce[-1]
+                    lyr = lyr.strip ()  # strip leading \n (because we split on '\nw:...')
+                    if lyr:             # no lyrics for this measures-lyrics block
+                        lyr = lyr_block.parseString (lyr).asList ()
+                        xs = alignLyr (vce, lyr)    # put all syllables into corresponding notes
+                    else: xs = vce
+                    vcelyr += xs
+                elem1 = vcelyr [0][0]   # the first element of the first measure
+                if  elem1.name == 'inline'and elem1.t[0] == 'V':    # is a voice definition
+                    voicedef = elem1 
+                    del vcelyr [0][0]   # do not read voicedef twice
+                else:
+                    voicedef = ''
+                ps.append ((id, voicedef, vcelyr))
+        except ParseException, err:
+            if err.loc > 40:    # limit length of error message, compatible with markInputline
+                err.pstr = err.pstr [err.loc - 40: err.loc + 40]
+                err.loc = 40
+            xs = err.line[err.col-1:]
+            try:    info (err.line.encode ('utf-8'), warn=0)    # err.line is a unicode string!!
+            except: info (err.line.encode ('latin-1'), warn=0)
+            info ((err.col-1) * '-' + '^', warn=0)
+            if   re.search (r'\[U:[XYZxyz]', xs):
+                info ('Error: illegal user defined symbol: %s' % xs[1:], warn=0)
+            elif re.search (r'\[[OAPZNGHRBDFSXTCIU]:', xs):
+                info ('Error: header-only field %s appears after K:' % xs[1:], warn=0)
+            else:
+                info ('Syntax error at column %d' % err.col, warn=0)
+            raise err
+
+        s.unitL = (1, 8)
+        s.title = ''
+        s.creator = {}  # {creator type -> name string}
+        s.credits = {}  # {credit type -> string}
+        score = E.Element ('score-partwise')
+        attrmap = {'Div': str (s.divisions), 'K':'C treble', 'M':'4/4'}
+        for res in hs:
+            if res.name == 'field':
+                s.doHeaderField (res, attrmap)
+            else:
+                info ('unexpected header item: %s' % res)
+
+        vdefs = s.voiceNamesAndMaps (ps)
+        vdefs = s.parseStaveDef (vdefs)
+
+        lev = 0
+        vids, parts, partAttr = [], [], {}
+        for vid, _, vce in ps:          # voice id, voice parse tree
+            pname, psubnm, voicedef = vdefs [vid]   # part name
+            attrmap ['V'] = voicedef    # abc text of first voice definition (after V:vid) or empty
+            pid = 'P%s' % vid           # let part id start with an alpha
+            s.vid = vid                 # avoid parameter passing, needed in mkNote for instrument id
+            part = s.mkPart (vce, pid, lev + 1, attrmap, s.gNstaves.get (vid, 0))
+            if 'Q' in attrmap: del attrmap ['Q']    # header tempo only in first part
+            parts.append (part)
+            vids.append (vid)
+            partAttr [vid] = (pname, psubnm, s.midprg)
+        parts, vidsnew = mergeParts (parts, vids, s.staves) # merge parts into staves as indicated by %%score
+        parts, _ = mergeParts (parts, vidsnew, s.grands, 1) # merge grand staves
+
+        s.mkIdentification (score, lev)
+        s.mkDefaults (score, lev + 1)
+        s.mkCredits (score, lev)
+
+        partlist, nInstrs = s.mkPartlist (vids, partAttr, lev + 1)
+        addElem (score, partlist, lev + 1)
+        for ip, part in enumerate (parts):
+            if nInstrs [ip] < 2:    # no instrument tag needed for one- or no-instrument parts
+                removeElems (part, 'measure/note', 'instrument')
+            addElem (score, part, lev + 1)
+
+        return score
+
+def decodeInput (data_string):
+    try:        enc = 'utf-8';   unicode_string = data_string.decode (enc)
+    except:
+        try:    enc = 'latin-1'; unicode_string = data_string.decode (enc)
+        except: raise Exception ('data not encoded in utf-8 nor in latin-1')
+    info ('decoded from %s' % enc)
+    return unicode_string
+
+xmlVersion = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>"    
+def fixDoctype (elem, enc):
+    xs = E.tostring (elem, encoding=enc)
+    ys = xs.split ('\n')
+    if enc == 'utf-8': ys.insert (0, xmlVersion)  # crooked logic of ElementTree lib
+    ys.insert (1, '<!DOCTYPE score-partwise PUBLIC "-//Recordare//DTD MusicXML 3.0 Partwise//EN" "http://www.musicxml.org/dtds/partwise.dtd">')
+    return '\n'.join (ys)
+
+def xml2mxl (pad, fnm, data):   # write xml data to compressed .mxl file
+    from zipfile import ZipFile, ZIP_DEFLATED
+    fnmext = fnm + '.xml'       # file name with extension, relative to the root within the archive
+    outfile = os.path.join (pad, fnm + '.mxl')
+    meta  = '%s\n<container><rootfiles>\n' % xmlVersion
+    meta += '<rootfile full-path="%s" media-type="application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml"/>\n' % fnmext
+    meta += '</rootfiles></container>'
+    f = ZipFile (outfile, 'w', ZIP_DEFLATED)
+    f.writestr ('META-INF/container.xml', meta)
+    f.writestr (fnmext, data)
+    f.close ()
+    info ('%s written' % outfile, warn=0)
+
+def convert (pad, fnm, abc_string, mxl):
+    # these globals should be initialised (as in the __main__ secion) before calling convert
+    global mxm                                              # optimisation 1: keep instance of MusicXml
+    global abc_header, abc_voice, lyr_block, abc_scoredef   # optimisation 2: keep computed grammars
+    score = mxm.parse (abc_string)
+    if pad:
+        data = fixDoctype (score, 'utf-8')
+        if not mxl or mxl in ['a', 'add']:
+            outfnm = os.path.join (pad, fnm + '.xml')
+            outfile = file (outfnm, 'wb')
+            outfile.write (data)
+            outfile.close ()
+            info ('%s written' % outfnm, warn=0)
+        if mxl: xml2mxl (pad, fnm, data)     # also write a compressed version
+    else:
+        outfile = sys.stdout
+        outfile.write (fixDoctype (score, 'utf-8'))
+        outfile.write ('\n')
+    
+#----------------
+# Main Program
+#----------------
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    from optparse import OptionParser
+    from glob import glob
+    import time
+    global mxm      # keep instance of MusicXml
+    global abc_header, abc_voice, lyr_block, abc_scoredef # keep computed grammars
+    mxm = MusicXml ()
+
+    parser = OptionParser (usage='%prog [-h] [-r] [-m SKIP NUM] [-o DIR] [-p PFMT] [-z MODE] <file1> [<file2> ...]', version='version %d' % VERSION)
+    parser.add_option ("-o", action="store", help="store xml files in DIR", default='', metavar='DIR')
+    parser.add_option ("-m", action="store", help="skip SKIP tunes, then read at most NUM tunes", nargs=2, type='int', default=(0,1), metavar='SKIP NUM')
+    parser.add_option ("-p", action="store", help="page formatting in PFMT", default='', metavar='PFMT')
+    parser.add_option ("-z", "--mxl", dest="mxl", help="store as compressed mxl, MODE = a(dd) or r(eplace)", default='', metavar='MODE')
+    parser.add_option ("-r", action="store_true", help="show whole measure rests in merged staffs", default=False)
+    options, args = parser.parse_args ()
+    if len (args) == 0: parser.error ('no input file given')
+    pad = options.o
+    if options.mxl and options.mxl not in ['a','add', 'r', 'replace']:
+        parser.error ('MODE should be a(dd) or r(eplace), not: %s' % options.mxl)
+    if pad:
+        if not os.path.exists (pad): os.mkdir (pad)
+        if not os.path.isdir (pad): parser.error ('%s is not a directory' % pad)
+    if options.p:   # set page formatting values
+        try:        # space, page-height, -width, margin-left, -right, -top, -bottom
+            mxm.pageFmtCmd = map (float, options.p.split (','))
+            if len (mxm.pageFmtCmd) != 7: raise Exception ('-p needs 7 values')
+        except Exception, err: parser.error (err)
+    mxm.gmwr = options.r    # ugly: needs to be globally accessable
+
+    abc_header, abc_voice, lyr_block, abc_scoredef = abc_grammar ()  # compute grammar only once per file set
+    fnmext_list = []
+    for i in args: fnmext_list += glob (i)
+    if not fnmext_list: parser.error ('none of the input files exist')
+    t_start = time.time ()
+    for X, fnmext in enumerate (fnmext_list):
+        fnm, ext = os.path.splitext (fnmext)
+        if ext.lower () not in ('.abc'):
+            info ('skipped input file %s, it should have extension .abc' % fnmext)
+            continue
+        if os.path.isdir (fnmext):
+            info ('skipped directory %s. Only files are accepted' % fnmext)
+            continue
+
+        fobj = open (fnmext, 'rb')
+        encoded_data = fobj.read ()
+        fobj.close ()
+        fragments =  encoded_data.split ('X:')
+        preamble = fragments [0]    # tunes can be preceeded by formatting instructions
+        tunes = fragments[1:]
+        if not tunes and preamble: tunes, preamble = ['1\n' + preamble], ''  # tune without X:
+        skip, num = options.m       # skip tunes, then read at most num tunes
+        numtunes = min ([len (tunes), num])     # number of tunes to be converted
+        for itune, tune in enumerate (tunes):
+            if itune < skip: continue
+            if itune >= skip + num: break
+            tune = preamble + 'X:' + tune       # restore preamble before each tune
+            fnmNum = '%s%02d' % (fnm, itune + 1) if numtunes > 1 else fnm
+            try:                                # convert string abctext -> file pad/fnmNum.xml
+                convert (pad, fnmNum, tune, options.mxl)
+            except ParseException, err: pass    # output already printed
+            except Exception, err: info ('an exception occurred.\n%s' % err)
+    info ('done in %.2f secs' % (time.time () - t_start))
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/abc2xml/pyparsing.py	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,3749 @@
+# module pyparsing.py
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2003-2011  Paul T. McGuire
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+# a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+# "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+# without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+# distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+# the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+# TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+#from __future__ import generators
+
+__doc__ = \
+"""
+pyparsing module - Classes and methods to define and execute parsing grammars
+
+The pyparsing module is an alternative approach to creating and executing simple grammars,
+vs. the traditional lex/yacc approach, or the use of regular expressions.  With pyparsing, you
+don't need to learn a new syntax for defining grammars or matching expressions - the parsing module
+provides a library of classes that you use to construct the grammar directly in Python.
+
+Here is a program to parse "Hello, World!" (or any greeting of the form C{"<salutation>, <addressee>!"})::
+
+    from pyparsing import Word, alphas
+
+    # define grammar of a greeting
+    greet = Word( alphas ) + "," + Word( alphas ) + "!"
+
+    hello = "Hello, World!"
+    print hello, "->", greet.parseString( hello )
+
+The program outputs the following::
+
+    Hello, World! -> ['Hello', ',', 'World', '!']
+
+The Python representation of the grammar is quite readable, owing to the self-explanatory
+class names, and the use of '+', '|' and '^' operators.
+
+The parsed results returned from C{parseString()} can be accessed as a nested list, a dictionary, or an
+object with named attributes.
+
+The pyparsing module handles some of the problems that are typically vexing when writing text parsers:
+ - extra or missing whitespace (the above program will also handle "Hello,World!", "Hello  ,  World  !", etc.)
+ - quoted strings
+ - embedded comments
+"""
+
+__version__ = "1.5.6"
+__versionTime__ = "26 June 2011 10:53"
+__author__ = "Paul McGuire <ptmcg@users.sourceforge.net>"
+
+import string
+from weakref import ref as wkref
+import copy
+import sys
+import warnings
+import re
+import sre_constants
+#~ sys.stderr.write( "testing pyparsing module, version %s, %s\n" % (__version__,__versionTime__ ) )
+
+__all__ = [
+'And', 'CaselessKeyword', 'CaselessLiteral', 'CharsNotIn', 'Combine', 'Dict', 'Each', 'Empty',
+'FollowedBy', 'Forward', 'GoToColumn', 'Group', 'Keyword', 'LineEnd', 'LineStart', 'Literal',
+'MatchFirst', 'NoMatch', 'NotAny', 'OneOrMore', 'OnlyOnce', 'Optional', 'Or',
+'ParseBaseException', 'ParseElementEnhance', 'ParseException', 'ParseExpression', 'ParseFatalException',
+'ParseResults', 'ParseSyntaxException', 'ParserElement', 'QuotedString', 'RecursiveGrammarException',
+'Regex', 'SkipTo', 'StringEnd', 'StringStart', 'Suppress', 'Token', 'TokenConverter', 'Upcase',
+'White', 'Word', 'WordEnd', 'WordStart', 'ZeroOrMore',
+'alphanums', 'alphas', 'alphas8bit', 'anyCloseTag', 'anyOpenTag', 'cStyleComment', 'col',
+'commaSeparatedList', 'commonHTMLEntity', 'countedArray', 'cppStyleComment', 'dblQuotedString',
+'dblSlashComment', 'delimitedList', 'dictOf', 'downcaseTokens', 'empty', 'getTokensEndLoc', 'hexnums',
+'htmlComment', 'javaStyleComment', 'keepOriginalText', 'line', 'lineEnd', 'lineStart', 'lineno',
+'makeHTMLTags', 'makeXMLTags', 'matchOnlyAtCol', 'matchPreviousExpr', 'matchPreviousLiteral',
+'nestedExpr', 'nullDebugAction', 'nums', 'oneOf', 'opAssoc', 'operatorPrecedence', 'printables',
+'punc8bit', 'pythonStyleComment', 'quotedString', 'removeQuotes', 'replaceHTMLEntity', 
+'replaceWith', 'restOfLine', 'sglQuotedString', 'srange', 'stringEnd',
+'stringStart', 'traceParseAction', 'unicodeString', 'upcaseTokens', 'withAttribute',
+'indentedBlock', 'originalTextFor',
+]
+
+"""
+Detect if we are running version 3.X and make appropriate changes
+Robert A. Clark
+"""
+_PY3K = sys.version_info[0] > 2
+if _PY3K:
+    _MAX_INT = sys.maxsize
+    basestring = str
+    unichr = chr
+    _ustr = str
+    alphas = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase
+else:
+    _MAX_INT = sys.maxint
+    range = xrange
+    set = lambda s : dict( [(c,0) for c in s] )
+    alphas = string.lowercase + string.uppercase
+
+    def _ustr(obj):
+        """Drop-in replacement for str(obj) that tries to be Unicode friendly. It first tries
+           str(obj). If that fails with a UnicodeEncodeError, then it tries unicode(obj). It
+           then < returns the unicode object | encodes it with the default encoding | ... >.
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj,unicode):
+            return obj
+
+        try:
+            # If this works, then _ustr(obj) has the same behaviour as str(obj), so
+            # it won't break any existing code.
+            return str(obj)
+
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            # The Python docs (http://docs.python.org/ref/customization.html#l2h-182)
+            # state that "The return value must be a string object". However, does a
+            # unicode object (being a subclass of basestring) count as a "string
+            # object"?
+            # If so, then return a unicode object:
+            return unicode(obj)
+            # Else encode it... but how? There are many choices... :)
+            # Replace unprintables with escape codes?
+            #return unicode(obj).encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'backslashreplace_errors')
+            # Replace unprintables with question marks?
+            #return unicode(obj).encode(sys.getdefaultencoding(), 'replace')
+            # ...
+            
+    alphas = string.lowercase + string.uppercase
+
+# build list of single arg builtins, tolerant of Python version, that can be used as parse actions
+singleArgBuiltins = []
+import __builtin__
+for fname in "sum len enumerate sorted reversed list tuple set any all".split():
+    try:
+        singleArgBuiltins.append(getattr(__builtin__,fname))
+    except AttributeError:
+        continue
+
+def _xml_escape(data):
+    """Escape &, <, >, ", ', etc. in a string of data."""
+
+    # ampersand must be replaced first
+    from_symbols = '&><"\''
+    to_symbols = ['&'+s+';' for s in "amp gt lt quot apos".split()]
+    for from_,to_ in zip(from_symbols, to_symbols):
+        data = data.replace(from_, to_)
+    return data
+
+class _Constants(object):
+    pass
+
+nums       = string.digits
+hexnums    = nums + "ABCDEFabcdef"
+alphanums  = alphas + nums
+_bslash    = chr(92)
+printables = "".join( [ c for c in string.printable if c not in string.whitespace ] )
+
+class ParseBaseException(Exception):
+    """base exception class for all parsing runtime exceptions"""
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__( self, pstr, loc=0, msg=None, elem=None ):
+        self.loc = loc
+        if msg is None:
+            self.msg = pstr
+            self.pstr = ""
+        else:
+            self.msg = msg
+            self.pstr = pstr
+        self.parserElement = elem
+
+    def __getattr__( self, aname ):
+        """supported attributes by name are:
+            - lineno - returns the line number of the exception text
+            - col - returns the column number of the exception text
+            - line - returns the line containing the exception text
+        """
+        if( aname == "lineno" ):
+            return lineno( self.loc, self.pstr )
+        elif( aname in ("col", "column") ):
+            return col( self.loc, self.pstr )
+        elif( aname == "line" ):
+            return line( self.loc, self.pstr )
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError(aname)
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return "%s (at char %d), (line:%d, col:%d)" % \
+                ( self.msg, self.loc, self.lineno, self.column )
+    def __repr__( self ):
+        return _ustr(self)
+    def markInputline( self, markerString = ">!<" ):
+        """Extracts the exception line from the input string, and marks
+           the location of the exception with a special symbol.
+        """
+        line_str = self.line
+        line_column = self.column - 1
+        if markerString:
+            line_str = "".join( [line_str[:line_column],
+                                markerString, line_str[line_column:]])
+        return line_str.strip()
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return "loc msg pstr parserElement lineno col line " \
+               "markInputLine __str__ __repr__".split()
+
+class ParseException(ParseBaseException):
+    """exception thrown when parse expressions don't match class;
+       supported attributes by name are:
+        - lineno - returns the line number of the exception text
+        - col - returns the column number of the exception text
+        - line - returns the line containing the exception text
+    """
+    pass
+
+class ParseFatalException(ParseBaseException):
+    """user-throwable exception thrown when inconsistent parse content
+       is found; stops all parsing immediately"""
+    pass
+
+class ParseSyntaxException(ParseFatalException):
+    """just like C{ParseFatalException}, but thrown internally when an
+       C{ErrorStop} ('-' operator) indicates that parsing is to stop immediately because
+       an unbacktrackable syntax error has been found"""
+    def __init__(self, pe):
+        super(ParseSyntaxException, self).__init__(
+                                    pe.pstr, pe.loc, pe.msg, pe.parserElement)
+
+#~ class ReparseException(ParseBaseException):
+    #~ """Experimental class - parse actions can raise this exception to cause
+       #~ pyparsing to reparse the input string:
+        #~ - with a modified input string, and/or
+        #~ - with a modified start location
+       #~ Set the values of the ReparseException in the constructor, and raise the
+       #~ exception in a parse action to cause pyparsing to use the new string/location.
+       #~ Setting the values as None causes no change to be made.
+       #~ """
+    #~ def __init_( self, newstring, restartLoc ):
+        #~ self.newParseText = newstring
+        #~ self.reparseLoc = restartLoc
+
+class RecursiveGrammarException(Exception):
+    """exception thrown by C{validate()} if the grammar could be improperly recursive"""
+    def __init__( self, parseElementList ):
+        self.parseElementTrace = parseElementList
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return "RecursiveGrammarException: %s" % self.parseElementTrace
+
+class _ParseResultsWithOffset(object):
+    def __init__(self,p1,p2):
+        self.tup = (p1,p2)
+    def __getitem__(self,i):
+        return self.tup[i]
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.tup)
+    def setOffset(self,i):
+        self.tup = (self.tup[0],i)
+
+class ParseResults(object):
+    """Structured parse results, to provide multiple means of access to the parsed data:
+       - as a list (C{len(results)})
+       - by list index (C{results[0], results[1]}, etc.)
+       - by attribute (C{results.<resultsName>})
+       """
+    #~ __slots__ = ( "__toklist", "__tokdict", "__doinit", "__name", "__parent", "__accumNames", "__weakref__" )
+    def __new__(cls, toklist, name=None, asList=True, modal=True ):
+        if isinstance(toklist, cls):
+            return toklist
+        retobj = object.__new__(cls)
+        retobj.__doinit = True
+        return retobj
+
+    # Performance tuning: we construct a *lot* of these, so keep this
+    # constructor as small and fast as possible
+    def __init__( self, toklist, name=None, asList=True, modal=True, isinstance=isinstance ):
+        if self.__doinit:
+            self.__doinit = False
+            self.__name = None
+            self.__parent = None
+            self.__accumNames = {}
+            if isinstance(toklist, list):
+                self.__toklist = toklist[:]
+            else:
+                self.__toklist = [toklist]
+            self.__tokdict = dict()
+
+        if name is not None and name:
+            if not modal:
+                self.__accumNames[name] = 0
+            if isinstance(name,int):
+                name = _ustr(name) # will always return a str, but use _ustr for consistency
+            self.__name = name
+            if not toklist in (None,'',[]):
+                if isinstance(toklist,basestring):
+                    toklist = [ toklist ]
+                if asList:
+                    if isinstance(toklist,ParseResults):
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(toklist.copy(),0)
+                    else:
+                        self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(ParseResults(toklist[0]),0)
+                    self[name].__name = name
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        self[name] = toklist[0]
+                    except (KeyError,TypeError,IndexError):
+                        self[name] = toklist
+
+    def __getitem__( self, i ):
+        if isinstance( i, (int,slice) ):
+            return self.__toklist[i]
+        else:
+            if i not in self.__accumNames:
+                return self.__tokdict[i][-1][0]
+            else:
+                return ParseResults([ v[0] for v in self.__tokdict[i] ])
+
+    def __setitem__( self, k, v, isinstance=isinstance ):
+        if isinstance(v,_ParseResultsWithOffset):
+            self.__tokdict[k] = self.__tokdict.get(k,list()) + [v]
+            sub = v[0]
+        elif isinstance(k,int):
+            self.__toklist[k] = v
+            sub = v
+        else:
+            self.__tokdict[k] = self.__tokdict.get(k,list()) + [_ParseResultsWithOffset(v,0)]
+            sub = v
+        if isinstance(sub,ParseResults):
+            sub.__parent = wkref(self)
+
+    def __delitem__( self, i ):
+        if isinstance(i,(int,slice)):
+            mylen = len( self.__toklist )
+            del self.__toklist[i]
+
+            # convert int to slice
+            if isinstance(i, int):
+                if i < 0:
+                    i += mylen
+                i = slice(i, i+1)
+            # get removed indices
+            removed = list(range(*i.indices(mylen)))
+            removed.reverse()
+            # fixup indices in token dictionary
+            for name in self.__tokdict:
+                occurrences = self.__tokdict[name]
+                for j in removed:
+                    for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                        occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(value, position - (position > j))
+        else:
+            del self.__tokdict[i]
+
+    def __contains__( self, k ):
+        return k in self.__tokdict
+
+    def __len__( self ): return len( self.__toklist )
+    def __bool__(self): return len( self.__toklist ) > 0
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__
+    def __iter__( self ): return iter( self.__toklist )
+    def __reversed__( self ): return iter( self.__toklist[::-1] )
+    def keys( self ):
+        """Returns all named result keys."""
+        return self.__tokdict.keys()
+
+    def pop( self, index=-1 ):
+        """Removes and returns item at specified index (default=last).
+           Will work with either numeric indices or dict-key indicies."""
+        ret = self[index]
+        del self[index]
+        return ret
+
+    def get(self, key, defaultValue=None):
+        """Returns named result matching the given key, or if there is no
+           such name, then returns the given C{defaultValue} or C{None} if no
+           C{defaultValue} is specified."""
+        if key in self:
+            return self[key]
+        else:
+            return defaultValue
+
+    def insert( self, index, insStr ):
+        """Inserts new element at location index in the list of parsed tokens."""
+        self.__toklist.insert(index, insStr)
+        # fixup indices in token dictionary
+        for name in self.__tokdict:
+            occurrences = self.__tokdict[name]
+            for k, (value, position) in enumerate(occurrences):
+                occurrences[k] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(value, position + (position > index))
+
+    def items( self ):
+        """Returns all named result keys and values as a list of tuples."""
+        return [(k,self[k]) for k in self.__tokdict]
+
+    def values( self ):
+        """Returns all named result values."""
+        return [ v[-1][0] for v in self.__tokdict.values() ]
+
+    def __getattr__( self, name ):
+        if True: #name not in self.__slots__:
+            if name in self.__tokdict:
+                if name not in self.__accumNames:
+                    return self.__tokdict[name][-1][0]
+                else:
+                    return ParseResults([ v[0] for v in self.__tokdict[name] ])
+            else:
+                return ""
+        return None
+
+    def __add__( self, other ):
+        ret = self.copy()
+        ret += other
+        return ret
+
+    def __iadd__( self, other ):
+        if other.__tokdict:
+            offset = len(self.__toklist)
+            addoffset = ( lambda a: (a<0 and offset) or (a+offset) )
+            otheritems = other.__tokdict.items()
+            otherdictitems = [(k, _ParseResultsWithOffset(v[0],addoffset(v[1])) )
+                                for (k,vlist) in otheritems for v in vlist]
+            for k,v in otherdictitems:
+                self[k] = v
+                if isinstance(v[0],ParseResults):
+                    v[0].__parent = wkref(self)
+            
+        self.__toklist += other.__toklist
+        self.__accumNames.update( other.__accumNames )
+        return self
+
+    def __radd__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other,int) and other == 0:
+            return self.copy()
+        
+    def __repr__( self ):
+        return "(%s, %s)" % ( repr( self.__toklist ), repr( self.__tokdict ) )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        out = "["
+        sep = ""
+        for i in self.__toklist:
+            if isinstance(i, ParseResults):
+                out += sep + _ustr(i)
+            else:
+                out += sep + repr(i)
+            sep = ", "
+        out += "]"
+        return out
+
+    def _asStringList( self, sep='' ):
+        out = []
+        for item in self.__toklist:
+            if out and sep:
+                out.append(sep)
+            if isinstance( item, ParseResults ):
+                out += item._asStringList()
+            else:
+                out.append( _ustr(item) )
+        return out
+
+    def asList( self ):
+        """Returns the parse results as a nested list of matching tokens, all converted to strings."""
+        out = []
+        for res in self.__toklist:
+            if isinstance(res,ParseResults):
+                out.append( res.asList() )
+            else:
+                out.append( res )
+        return out
+
+    def asDict( self ):
+        """Returns the named parse results as dictionary."""
+        return dict( self.items() )
+
+    def copy( self ):
+        """Returns a new copy of a C{ParseResults} object."""
+        ret = ParseResults( self.__toklist )
+        ret.__tokdict = self.__tokdict.copy()
+        ret.__parent = self.__parent
+        ret.__accumNames.update( self.__accumNames )
+        ret.__name = self.__name
+        return ret
+
+    def asXML( self, doctag=None, namedItemsOnly=False, indent="", formatted=True ):
+        """Returns the parse results as XML. Tags are created for tokens and lists that have defined results names."""
+        nl = "\n"
+        out = []
+        namedItems = dict( [ (v[1],k) for (k,vlist) in self.__tokdict.items()
+                                                            for v in vlist ] )
+        nextLevelIndent = indent + "  "
+
+        # collapse out indents if formatting is not desired
+        if not formatted:
+            indent = ""
+            nextLevelIndent = ""
+            nl = ""
+
+        selfTag = None
+        if doctag is not None:
+            selfTag = doctag
+        else:
+            if self.__name:
+                selfTag = self.__name
+
+        if not selfTag:
+            if namedItemsOnly:
+                return ""
+            else:
+                selfTag = "ITEM"
+
+        out += [ nl, indent, "<", selfTag, ">" ]
+
+        worklist = self.__toklist
+        for i,res in enumerate(worklist):
+            if isinstance(res,ParseResults):
+                if i in namedItems:
+                    out += [ res.asXML(namedItems[i],
+                                        namedItemsOnly and doctag is None,
+                                        nextLevelIndent,
+                                        formatted)]
+                else:
+                    out += [ res.asXML(None,
+                                        namedItemsOnly and doctag is None,
+                                        nextLevelIndent,
+                                        formatted)]
+            else:
+                # individual token, see if there is a name for it
+                resTag = None
+                if i in namedItems:
+                    resTag = namedItems[i]
+                if not resTag:
+                    if namedItemsOnly:
+                        continue
+                    else:
+                        resTag = "ITEM"
+                xmlBodyText = _xml_escape(_ustr(res))
+                out += [ nl, nextLevelIndent, "<", resTag, ">",
+                                                xmlBodyText,
+                                                "</", resTag, ">" ]
+
+        out += [ nl, indent, "</", selfTag, ">" ]
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    def __lookup(self,sub):
+        for k,vlist in self.__tokdict.items():
+            for v,loc in vlist:
+                if sub is v:
+                    return k
+        return None
+
+    def getName(self):
+        """Returns the results name for this token expression."""
+        if self.__name:
+            return self.__name
+        elif self.__parent:
+            par = self.__parent()
+            if par:
+                return par.__lookup(self)
+            else:
+                return None
+        elif (len(self) == 1 and
+               len(self.__tokdict) == 1 and
+               self.__tokdict.values()[0][0][1] in (0,-1)):
+            return self.__tokdict.keys()[0]
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def dump(self,indent='',depth=0):
+        """Diagnostic method for listing out the contents of a C{ParseResults}.
+           Accepts an optional C{indent} argument so that this string can be embedded
+           in a nested display of other data."""
+        out = []
+        out.append( indent+_ustr(self.asList()) )
+        keys = self.items()
+        keys.sort()
+        for k,v in keys:
+            if out:
+                out.append('\n')
+            out.append( "%s%s- %s: " % (indent,('  '*depth), k) )
+            if isinstance(v,ParseResults):
+                if v.keys():
+                    out.append( v.dump(indent,depth+1) )
+                else:
+                    out.append(_ustr(v))
+            else:
+                out.append(_ustr(v))
+        return "".join(out)
+
+    # add support for pickle protocol
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        return ( self.__toklist,
+                 ( self.__tokdict.copy(),
+                   self.__parent is not None and self.__parent() or None,
+                   self.__accumNames,
+                   self.__name ) )
+
+    def __setstate__(self,state):
+        self.__toklist = state[0]
+        (self.__tokdict,
+         par,
+         inAccumNames,
+         self.__name) = state[1]
+        self.__accumNames = {}
+        self.__accumNames.update(inAccumNames)
+        if par is not None:
+            self.__parent = wkref(par)
+        else:
+            self.__parent = None
+
+    def __dir__(self):
+        return dir(super(ParseResults,self)) + self.keys()
+
+def col (loc,strg):
+    """Returns current column within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+   The first column is number 1.
+
+   Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+   before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{ParserElement.parseString}<ParserElement.parseString>} for more information
+   on parsing strings containing <TAB>s, and suggested methods to maintain a
+   consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
+   positions within the parsed string.
+   """
+    return (loc<len(strg) and strg[loc] == '\n') and 1 or loc - strg.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+
+def lineno(loc,strg):
+    """Returns current line number within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+   The first line is number 1.
+
+   Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+   before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{ParserElement.parseString}<ParserElement.parseString>} for more information
+   on parsing strings containing <TAB>s, and suggested methods to maintain a
+   consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
+   positions within the parsed string.
+   """
+    return strg.count("\n",0,loc) + 1
+
+def line( loc, strg ):
+    """Returns the line of text containing loc within a string, counting newlines as line separators.
+       """
+    lastCR = strg.rfind("\n", 0, loc)
+    nextCR = strg.find("\n", loc)
+    if nextCR >= 0:
+        return strg[lastCR+1:nextCR]
+    else:
+        return strg[lastCR+1:]
+
+def _defaultStartDebugAction( instring, loc, expr ):
+    print ("Match " + _ustr(expr) + " at loc " + _ustr(loc) + "(%d,%d)" % ( lineno(loc,instring), col(loc,instring) ))
+
+def _defaultSuccessDebugAction( instring, startloc, endloc, expr, toks ):
+    print ("Matched " + _ustr(expr) + " -> " + str(toks.asList()))
+
+def _defaultExceptionDebugAction( instring, loc, expr, exc ):
+    print ("Exception raised:" + _ustr(exc))
+
+def nullDebugAction(*args):
+    """'Do-nothing' debug action, to suppress debugging output during parsing."""
+    pass
+
+'decorator to trim function calls to match the arity of the target'
+if not _PY3K:
+    def _trim_arity(func, maxargs=2):
+        limit = [0]
+        def wrapper(*args):
+            while 1:
+                try:
+                    return func(*args[limit[0]:])
+                except TypeError:
+                    if limit[0] <= maxargs:
+                        limit[0] += 1
+                        continue
+                    raise
+        return wrapper
+else:
+    def _trim_arity(func, maxargs=2):
+        limit = maxargs
+        def wrapper(*args):
+            #~ nonlocal limit
+            while 1:
+                try:
+                    return func(*args[limit:])
+                except TypeError:
+                    if limit:
+                        limit -= 1
+                        continue
+                    raise
+        return wrapper
+    
+class ParserElement(object):
+    """Abstract base level parser element class."""
+    DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = " \n\t\r"
+    verbose_stacktrace = False
+
+    def setDefaultWhitespaceChars( chars ):
+        """Overrides the default whitespace chars
+        """
+        ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS = chars
+    setDefaultWhitespaceChars = staticmethod(setDefaultWhitespaceChars)
+
+    def __init__( self, savelist=False ):
+        self.parseAction = list()
+        self.failAction = None
+        #~ self.name = "<unknown>"  # don't define self.name, let subclasses try/except upcall
+        self.strRepr = None
+        self.resultsName = None
+        self.saveAsList = savelist
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = True
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False # used when checking for left-recursion
+        self.keepTabs = False
+        self.ignoreExprs = list()
+        self.debug = False
+        self.streamlined = False
+        self.mayIndexError = True # used to optimize exception handling for subclasses that don't advance parse index
+        self.errmsg = ""
+        self.modalResults = True # used to mark results names as modal (report only last) or cumulative (list all)
+        self.debugActions = ( None, None, None ) #custom debug actions
+        self.re = None
+        self.callPreparse = True # used to avoid redundant calls to preParse
+        self.callDuringTry = False
+
+    def copy( self ):
+        """Make a copy of this C{ParserElement}.  Useful for defining different parse actions
+           for the same parsing pattern, using copies of the original parse element."""
+        cpy = copy.copy( self )
+        cpy.parseAction = self.parseAction[:]
+        cpy.ignoreExprs = self.ignoreExprs[:]
+        if self.copyDefaultWhiteChars:
+            cpy.whiteChars = ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+        return cpy
+
+    def setName( self, name ):
+        """Define name for this expression, for use in debugging."""
+        self.name = name
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        if hasattr(self,"exception"):
+            self.exception.msg = self.errmsg
+        return self
+
+    def setResultsName( self, name, listAllMatches=False ):
+        """Define name for referencing matching tokens as a nested attribute
+           of the returned parse results.
+           NOTE: this returns a *copy* of the original C{ParserElement} object;
+           this is so that the client can define a basic element, such as an
+           integer, and reference it in multiple places with different names.
+           
+           You can also set results names using the abbreviated syntax,
+           C{expr("name")} in place of C{expr.setResultsName("name")} - 
+           see L{I{__call__}<__call__>}.
+        """
+        newself = self.copy()
+        if name.endswith("*"):
+            name = name[:-1]
+            listAllMatches=True
+        newself.resultsName = name
+        newself.modalResults = not listAllMatches
+        return newself
+
+    def setBreak(self,breakFlag = True):
+        """Method to invoke the Python pdb debugger when this element is
+           about to be parsed. Set C{breakFlag} to True to enable, False to
+           disable.
+        """
+        if breakFlag:
+            _parseMethod = self._parse
+            def breaker(instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True):
+                import pdb
+                pdb.set_trace()
+                return _parseMethod( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse )
+            breaker._originalParseMethod = _parseMethod
+            self._parse = breaker
+        else:
+            if hasattr(self._parse,"_originalParseMethod"):
+                self._parse = self._parse._originalParseMethod
+        return self
+
+    def setParseAction( self, *fns, **kwargs ):
+        """Define action to perform when successfully matching parse element definition.
+           Parse action fn is a callable method with 0-3 arguments, called as C{fn(s,loc,toks)},
+           C{fn(loc,toks)}, C{fn(toks)}, or just C{fn()}, where:
+            - s   = the original string being parsed (see note below)
+            - loc = the location of the matching substring
+            - toks = a list of the matched tokens, packaged as a ParseResults object
+           If the functions in fns modify the tokens, they can return them as the return
+           value from fn, and the modified list of tokens will replace the original.
+           Otherwise, fn does not need to return any value.
+
+           Note: the default parsing behavior is to expand tabs in the input string
+           before starting the parsing process.  See L{I{parseString}<parseString>} for more information
+           on parsing strings containing <TAB>s, and suggested methods to maintain a
+           consistent view of the parsed string, the parse location, and line and column
+           positions within the parsed string.
+           """
+        self.parseAction = list(map(_trim_arity, list(fns)))
+        self.callDuringTry = ("callDuringTry" in kwargs and kwargs["callDuringTry"])
+        return self
+
+    def addParseAction( self, *fns, **kwargs ):
+        """Add parse action to expression's list of parse actions. See L{I{setParseAction}<setParseAction>}."""
+        self.parseAction += list(map(_trim_arity, list(fns)))
+        self.callDuringTry = self.callDuringTry or ("callDuringTry" in kwargs and kwargs["callDuringTry"])
+        return self
+
+    def setFailAction( self, fn ):
+        """Define action to perform if parsing fails at this expression.
+           Fail acton fn is a callable function that takes the arguments
+           C{fn(s,loc,expr,err)} where:
+            - s = string being parsed
+            - loc = location where expression match was attempted and failed
+            - expr = the parse expression that failed
+            - err = the exception thrown
+           The function returns no value.  It may throw C{ParseFatalException}
+           if it is desired to stop parsing immediately."""
+        self.failAction = fn
+        return self
+
+    def _skipIgnorables( self, instring, loc ):
+        exprsFound = True
+        while exprsFound:
+            exprsFound = False
+            for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+                try:
+                    while 1:
+                        loc,dummy = e._parse( instring, loc )
+                        exprsFound = True
+                except ParseException:
+                    pass
+        return loc
+
+    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        if self.ignoreExprs:
+            loc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
+
+        if self.skipWhitespace:
+            wt = self.whiteChars
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in wt:
+                loc += 1
+
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        return loc, []
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return tokenlist
+
+    #~ @profile
+    def _parseNoCache( self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True ):
+        debugging = ( self.debug ) #and doActions )
+
+        if debugging or self.failAction:
+            #~ print ("Match",self,"at loc",loc,"(%d,%d)" % ( lineno(loc,instring), col(loc,instring) ))
+            if (self.debugActions[0] ):
+                self.debugActions[0]( instring, loc, self )
+            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                preloc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
+            else:
+                preloc = loc
+            tokensStart = preloc
+            try:
+                try:
+                    loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseException( instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self )
+            except ParseBaseException:
+                #~ print ("Exception raised:", err)
+                err = None
+                if self.debugActions[2]:
+                    err = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                    self.debugActions[2]( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
+                if self.failAction:
+                    if err is None:
+                        err = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                    self.failAction( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
+                raise
+        else:
+            if callPreParse and self.callPreparse:
+                preloc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
+            else:
+                preloc = loc
+            tokensStart = preloc
+            if self.mayIndexError or loc >= len(instring):
+                try:
+                    loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseException( instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self )
+            else:
+                loc,tokens = self.parseImpl( instring, preloc, doActions )
+
+        tokens = self.postParse( instring, loc, tokens )
+
+        retTokens = ParseResults( tokens, self.resultsName, asList=self.saveAsList, modal=self.modalResults )
+        if self.parseAction and (doActions or self.callDuringTry):
+            if debugging:
+                try:
+                    for fn in self.parseAction:
+                        tokens = fn( instring, tokensStart, retTokens )
+                        if tokens is not None:
+                            retTokens = ParseResults( tokens,
+                                                      self.resultsName,
+                                                      asList=self.saveAsList and isinstance(tokens,(ParseResults,list)),
+                                                      modal=self.modalResults )
+                except ParseBaseException:
+                    #~ print "Exception raised in user parse action:", err
+                    if (self.debugActions[2] ):
+                        err = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                        self.debugActions[2]( instring, tokensStart, self, err )
+                    raise
+            else:
+                for fn in self.parseAction:
+                    tokens = fn( instring, tokensStart, retTokens )
+                    if tokens is not None:
+                        retTokens = ParseResults( tokens,
+                                                  self.resultsName,
+                                                  asList=self.saveAsList and isinstance(tokens,(ParseResults,list)),
+                                                  modal=self.modalResults )
+
+        if debugging:
+            #~ print ("Matched",self,"->",retTokens.asList())
+            if (self.debugActions[1] ):
+                self.debugActions[1]( instring, tokensStart, loc, self, retTokens )
+
+        return loc, retTokens
+
+    def tryParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        try:
+            return self._parse( instring, loc, doActions=False )[0]
+        except ParseFatalException:
+            raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg, self)
+
+    # this method gets repeatedly called during backtracking with the same arguments -
+    # we can cache these arguments and save ourselves the trouble of re-parsing the contained expression
+    def _parseCache( self, instring, loc, doActions=True, callPreParse=True ):
+        lookup = (self,instring,loc,callPreParse,doActions)
+        if lookup in ParserElement._exprArgCache:
+            value = ParserElement._exprArgCache[ lookup ]
+            if isinstance(value, Exception):
+                raise value
+            return (value[0],value[1].copy())
+        else:
+            try:
+                value = self._parseNoCache( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse )
+                ParserElement._exprArgCache[ lookup ] = (value[0],value[1].copy())
+                return value
+            except ParseBaseException:
+                pe = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                ParserElement._exprArgCache[ lookup ] = pe
+                raise
+
+    _parse = _parseNoCache
+
+    # argument cache for optimizing repeated calls when backtracking through recursive expressions
+    _exprArgCache = {}
+    def resetCache():
+        ParserElement._exprArgCache.clear()
+    resetCache = staticmethod(resetCache)
+
+    _packratEnabled = False
+    def enablePackrat():
+        """Enables "packrat" parsing, which adds memoizing to the parsing logic.
+           Repeated parse attempts at the same string location (which happens
+           often in many complex grammars) can immediately return a cached value,
+           instead of re-executing parsing/validating code.  Memoizing is done of
+           both valid results and parsing exceptions.
+
+           This speedup may break existing programs that use parse actions that
+           have side-effects.  For this reason, packrat parsing is disabled when
+           you first import pyparsing.  To activate the packrat feature, your
+           program must call the class method C{ParserElement.enablePackrat()}.  If
+           your program uses C{psyco} to "compile as you go", you must call
+           C{enablePackrat} before calling C{psyco.full()}.  If you do not do this,
+           Python will crash.  For best results, call C{enablePackrat()} immediately
+           after importing pyparsing.
+        """
+        if not ParserElement._packratEnabled:
+            ParserElement._packratEnabled = True
+            ParserElement._parse = ParserElement._parseCache
+    enablePackrat = staticmethod(enablePackrat)
+
+    def parseString( self, instring, parseAll=False ):
+        """Execute the parse expression with the given string.
+           This is the main interface to the client code, once the complete
+           expression has been built.
+
+           If you want the grammar to require that the entire input string be
+           successfully parsed, then set C{parseAll} to True (equivalent to ending
+           the grammar with C{StringEnd()}).
+
+           Note: C{parseString} implicitly calls C{expandtabs()} on the input string,
+           in order to report proper column numbers in parse actions.
+           If the input string contains tabs and
+           the grammar uses parse actions that use the C{loc} argument to index into the
+           string being parsed, you can ensure you have a consistent view of the input
+           string by:
+            - calling C{parseWithTabs} on your grammar before calling C{parseString}
+              (see L{I{parseWithTabs}<parseWithTabs>})
+            - define your parse action using the full C{(s,loc,toks)} signature, and
+              reference the input string using the parse action's C{s} argument
+            - explictly expand the tabs in your input string before calling
+              C{parseString}
+        """
+        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+            #~ self.saveAsList = True
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = instring.expandtabs()
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self._parse( instring, 0 )
+            if parseAll:
+                loc = self.preParse( instring, loc )
+                se = Empty() + StringEnd()
+                se._parse( instring, loc )
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                raise exc
+        else:
+            return tokens
+
+    def scanString( self, instring, maxMatches=_MAX_INT, overlap=False ):
+        """Scan the input string for expression matches.  Each match will return the
+           matching tokens, start location, and end location.  May be called with optional
+           C{maxMatches} argument, to clip scanning after 'n' matches are found.  If
+           C{overlap} is specified, then overlapping matches will be reported.
+
+           Note that the start and end locations are reported relative to the string
+           being parsed.  See L{I{parseString}<parseString>} for more information on parsing
+           strings with embedded tabs."""
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamline()
+        for e in self.ignoreExprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        if not self.keepTabs:
+            instring = _ustr(instring).expandtabs()
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        loc = 0
+        preparseFn = self.preParse
+        parseFn = self._parse
+        ParserElement.resetCache()
+        matches = 0
+        try:
+            while loc <= instrlen and matches < maxMatches:
+                try:
+                    preloc = preparseFn( instring, loc )
+                    nextLoc,tokens = parseFn( instring, preloc, callPreParse=False )
+                except ParseException:
+                    loc = preloc+1
+                else:
+                    if nextLoc > loc:
+                        matches += 1
+                        yield tokens, preloc, nextLoc
+                        if overlap:
+                            nextloc = preparseFn( instring, loc )
+                            if nextloc > loc:
+                                loc = nextLoc
+                            else:
+                                loc += 1
+                        else:
+                            loc = nextLoc
+                    else:
+                        loc = preloc+1
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                raise exc
+
+    def transformString( self, instring ):
+        """Extension to C{scanString}, to modify matching text with modified tokens that may
+           be returned from a parse action.  To use C{transformString}, define a grammar and
+           attach a parse action to it that modifies the returned token list.
+           Invoking C{transformString()} on a target string will then scan for matches,
+           and replace the matched text patterns according to the logic in the parse
+           action.  C{transformString()} returns the resulting transformed string."""
+        out = []
+        lastE = 0
+        # force preservation of <TAB>s, to minimize unwanted transformation of string, and to
+        # keep string locs straight between transformString and scanString
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        try:
+            for t,s,e in self.scanString( instring ):
+                out.append( instring[lastE:s] )
+                if t:
+                    if isinstance(t,ParseResults):
+                        out += t.asList()
+                    elif isinstance(t,list):
+                        out += t
+                    else:
+                        out.append(t)
+                lastE = e
+            out.append(instring[lastE:])
+            out = [o for o in out if o]
+            return "".join(map(_ustr,_flatten(out)))
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                raise exc
+
+    def searchString( self, instring, maxMatches=_MAX_INT ):
+        """Another extension to C{scanString}, simplifying the access to the tokens found
+           to match the given parse expression.  May be called with optional
+           C{maxMatches} argument, to clip searching after 'n' matches are found.
+        """
+        try:
+            return ParseResults([ t for t,s,e in self.scanString( instring, maxMatches ) ])
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
+                raise
+            else:
+                # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+                exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                raise exc
+
+    def __add__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of + operator - returns And"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return And( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __radd__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of + operator when left operand is not a C{ParserElement}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other + self
+
+    def __sub__(self, other):
+        """Implementation of - operator, returns C{And} with error stop"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return And( [ self, And._ErrorStop(), other ] )
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of - operator when left operand is not a C{ParserElement}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other - self
+
+    def __mul__(self,other):
+        """Implementation of * operator, allows use of C{expr * 3} in place of
+           C{expr + expr + expr}.  Expressions may also me multiplied by a 2-integer
+           tuple, similar to C{{min,max}} multipliers in regular expressions.  Tuples
+           may also include C{None} as in:
+            - C{expr*(n,None)} or C{expr*(n,)} is equivalent
+              to C{expr*n + ZeroOrMore(expr)}
+              (read as "at least n instances of C{expr}")
+            - C{expr*(None,n)} is equivalent to C{expr*(0,n)}
+              (read as "0 to n instances of C{expr}")
+            - C{expr*(None,None)} is equivalent to C{ZeroOrMore(expr)}
+            - C{expr*(1,None)} is equivalent to C{OneOrMore(expr)}
+
+           Note that C{expr*(None,n)} does not raise an exception if
+           more than n exprs exist in the input stream; that is,
+           C{expr*(None,n)} does not enforce a maximum number of expr
+           occurrences.  If this behavior is desired, then write
+           C{expr*(None,n) + ~expr}
+
+        """
+        if isinstance(other,int):
+            minElements, optElements = other,0
+        elif isinstance(other,tuple):
+            other = (other + (None, None))[:2]
+            if other[0] is None:
+                other = (0, other[1])
+            if isinstance(other[0],int) and other[1] is None:
+                if other[0] == 0:
+                    return ZeroOrMore(self)
+                if other[0] == 1:
+                    return OneOrMore(self)
+                else:
+                    return self*other[0] + ZeroOrMore(self)
+            elif isinstance(other[0],int) and isinstance(other[1],int):
+                minElements, optElements = other
+                optElements -= minElements
+            else:
+                raise TypeError("cannot multiply 'ParserElement' and ('%s','%s') objects", type(other[0]),type(other[1]))
+        else:
+            raise TypeError("cannot multiply 'ParserElement' and '%s' objects", type(other))
+
+        if minElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by negative value")
+        if optElements < 0:
+            raise ValueError("second tuple value must be greater or equal to first tuple value")
+        if minElements == optElements == 0:
+            raise ValueError("cannot multiply ParserElement by 0 or (0,0)")
+
+        if (optElements):
+            def makeOptionalList(n):
+                if n>1:
+                    return Optional(self + makeOptionalList(n-1))
+                else:
+                    return Optional(self)
+            if minElements:
+                if minElements == 1:
+                    ret = self + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+                else:
+                    ret = And([self]*minElements) + makeOptionalList(optElements)
+            else:
+                ret = makeOptionalList(optElements)
+        else:
+            if minElements == 1:
+                ret = self
+            else:
+                ret = And([self]*minElements)
+        return ret
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other):
+        return self.__mul__(other)
+
+    def __or__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of | operator - returns C{MatchFirst}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return MatchFirst( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __ror__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of | operator when left operand is not a C{ParserElement}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other | self
+
+    def __xor__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of ^ operator - returns C{Or}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return Or( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __rxor__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of ^ operator when left operand is not a C{ParserElement}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other ^ self
+
+    def __and__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of & operator - returns C{Each}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return Each( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __rand__(self, other ):
+        """Implementation of & operator when left operand is not a C{ParserElement}"""
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        if not isinstance( other, ParserElement ):
+            warnings.warn("Cannot combine element of type %s with ParserElement" % type(other),
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            return None
+        return other & self
+
+    def __invert__( self ):
+        """Implementation of ~ operator - returns C{NotAny}"""
+        return NotAny( self )
+
+    def __call__(self, name):
+        """Shortcut for C{setResultsName}, with C{listAllMatches=default}::
+             userdata = Word(alphas).setResultsName("name") + Word(nums+"-").setResultsName("socsecno")
+           could be written as::
+             userdata = Word(alphas)("name") + Word(nums+"-")("socsecno")
+             
+           If C{name} is given with a trailing C{'*'} character, then C{listAllMatches} will be
+           passed as C{True}.
+           """
+        return self.setResultsName(name)
+
+    def suppress( self ):
+        """Suppresses the output of this C{ParserElement}; useful to keep punctuation from
+           cluttering up returned output.
+        """
+        return Suppress( self )
+
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        """Disables the skipping of whitespace before matching the characters in the
+           C{ParserElement}'s defined pattern.  This is normally only used internally by
+           the pyparsing module, but may be needed in some whitespace-sensitive grammars.
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def setWhitespaceChars( self, chars ):
+        """Overrides the default whitespace chars
+        """
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.whiteChars = chars
+        self.copyDefaultWhiteChars = False
+        return self
+
+    def parseWithTabs( self ):
+        """Overrides default behavior to expand C{<TAB>}s to spaces before parsing the input string.
+           Must be called before C{parseString} when the input grammar contains elements that
+           match C{<TAB>} characters."""
+        self.keepTabs = True
+        return self
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        """Define expression to be ignored (e.g., comments) while doing pattern
+           matching; may be called repeatedly, to define multiple comment or other
+           ignorable patterns.
+        """
+        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                self.ignoreExprs.append( other.copy() )
+        else:
+            self.ignoreExprs.append( Suppress( other.copy() ) )
+        return self
+
+    def setDebugActions( self, startAction, successAction, exceptionAction ):
+        """Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching."""
+        self.debugActions = (startAction or _defaultStartDebugAction,
+                             successAction or _defaultSuccessDebugAction,
+                             exceptionAction or _defaultExceptionDebugAction)
+        self.debug = True
+        return self
+
+    def setDebug( self, flag=True ):
+        """Enable display of debugging messages while doing pattern matching.
+           Set C{flag} to True to enable, False to disable."""
+        if flag:
+            self.setDebugActions( _defaultStartDebugAction, _defaultSuccessDebugAction, _defaultExceptionDebugAction )
+        else:
+            self.debug = False
+        return self
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return self.name
+
+    def __repr__( self ):
+        return _ustr(self)
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        self.streamlined = True
+        self.strRepr = None
+        return self
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        pass
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        """Check defined expressions for valid structure, check for infinite recursive definitions."""
+        self.checkRecursion( [] )
+
+    def parseFile( self, file_or_filename, parseAll=False ):
+        """Execute the parse expression on the given file or filename.
+           If a filename is specified (instead of a file object),
+           the entire file is opened, read, and closed before parsing.
+        """
+        try:
+            file_contents = file_or_filename.read()
+        except AttributeError:
+            f = open(file_or_filename, "rb")
+            file_contents = f.read()
+            f.close()
+        try:
+            return self.parseString(file_contents, parseAll)
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            raise exc
+
+    def getException(self):
+        return ParseException("",0,self.errmsg,self)
+
+    def __getattr__(self,aname):
+        if aname == "myException":
+            self.myException = ret = self.getException();
+            return ret;
+        else:
+            raise AttributeError("no such attribute " + aname)
+
+    def __eq__(self,other):
+        if isinstance(other, ParserElement):
+            return self is other or self.__dict__ == other.__dict__
+        elif isinstance(other, basestring):
+            try:
+                self.parseString(_ustr(other), parseAll=True)
+                return True
+            except ParseBaseException:
+                return False
+        else:
+            return super(ParserElement,self)==other
+
+    def __ne__(self,other):
+        return not (self == other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(id(self))
+
+    def __req__(self,other):
+        return self == other
+
+    def __rne__(self,other):
+        return not (self == other)
+
+
+class Token(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract C{ParserElement} subclass, for defining atomic matching patterns."""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(Token,self).__init__( savelist=False )
+
+    def setName(self, name):
+        s = super(Token,self).setName(name)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        return s
+
+
+class Empty(Token):
+    """An empty token, will always match."""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(Empty,self).__init__()
+        self.name = "Empty"
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+
+class NoMatch(Token):
+    """A token that will never match."""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(NoMatch,self).__init__()
+        self.name = "NoMatch"
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.errmsg = "Unmatchable token"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        exc = self.myException
+        exc.loc = loc
+        exc.pstr = instring
+        raise exc
+
+
+class Literal(Token):
+    """Token to exactly match a specified string."""
+    def __init__( self, matchString ):
+        super(Literal,self).__init__()
+        self.match = matchString
+        self.matchLen = len(matchString)
+        try:
+            self.firstMatchChar = matchString[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            warnings.warn("null string passed to Literal; use Empty() instead",
+                            SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            self.__class__ = Empty
+        self.name = '"%s"' % _ustr(self.match)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    # Performance tuning: this routine gets called a *lot*
+    # if this is a single character match string  and the first character matches,
+    # short-circuit as quickly as possible, and avoid calling startswith
+    #~ @profile
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if (instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and
+            (self.matchLen==1 or instring.startswith(self.match,loc)) ):
+            return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+        exc = self.myException
+        exc.loc = loc
+        exc.pstr = instring
+        raise exc
+_L = Literal
+
+class Keyword(Token):
+    """Token to exactly match a specified string as a keyword, that is, it must be
+       immediately followed by a non-keyword character.  Compare with C{Literal}::
+         Literal("if") will match the leading C{'if'} in C{'ifAndOnlyIf'}.
+         Keyword("if") will not; it will only match the leading C{'if'} in C{'if x=1'}, or C{'if(y==2)'}
+       Accepts two optional constructor arguments in addition to the keyword string:
+       C{identChars} is a string of characters that would be valid identifier characters,
+       defaulting to all alphanumerics + "_" and "$"; C{caseless} allows case-insensitive
+       matching, default is C{False}.
+    """
+    DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = alphanums+"_$"
+
+    def __init__( self, matchString, identChars=DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS, caseless=False ):
+        super(Keyword,self).__init__()
+        self.match = matchString
+        self.matchLen = len(matchString)
+        try:
+            self.firstMatchChar = matchString[0]
+        except IndexError:
+            warnings.warn("null string passed to Keyword; use Empty() instead",
+                            SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        self.name = '"%s"' % self.match
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.caseless = caseless
+        if caseless:
+            self.caselessmatch = matchString.upper()
+            identChars = identChars.upper()
+        self.identChars = set(identChars)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.caseless:
+            if ( (instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.caselessmatch) and
+                 (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars) and
+                 (loc == 0 or instring[loc-1].upper() not in self.identChars) ):
+                return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        else:
+            if (instring[loc] == self.firstMatchChar and
+                (self.matchLen==1 or instring.startswith(self.match,loc)) and
+                (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen] not in self.identChars) and
+                (loc == 0 or instring[loc-1] not in self.identChars) ):
+                return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+        exc = self.myException
+        exc.loc = loc
+        exc.pstr = instring
+        raise exc
+
+    def copy(self):
+        c = super(Keyword,self).copy()
+        c.identChars = Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS
+        return c
+
+    def setDefaultKeywordChars( chars ):
+        """Overrides the default Keyword chars
+        """
+        Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS = chars
+    setDefaultKeywordChars = staticmethod(setDefaultKeywordChars)
+
+class CaselessLiteral(Literal):
+    """Token to match a specified string, ignoring case of letters.
+       Note: the matched results will always be in the case of the given
+       match string, NOT the case of the input text.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, matchString ):
+        super(CaselessLiteral,self).__init__( matchString.upper() )
+        # Preserve the defining literal.
+        self.returnString = matchString
+        self.name = "'%s'" % self.returnString
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.match:
+            return loc+self.matchLen, self.returnString
+        #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+        exc = self.myException
+        exc.loc = loc
+        exc.pstr = instring
+        raise exc
+
+class CaselessKeyword(Keyword):
+    def __init__( self, matchString, identChars=Keyword.DEFAULT_KEYWORD_CHARS ):
+        super(CaselessKeyword,self).__init__( matchString, identChars, caseless=True )
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if ( (instring[ loc:loc+self.matchLen ].upper() == self.caselessmatch) and
+             (loc >= len(instring)-self.matchLen or instring[loc+self.matchLen].upper() not in self.identChars) ):
+            return loc+self.matchLen, self.match
+        #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+        exc = self.myException
+        exc.loc = loc
+        exc.pstr = instring
+        raise exc
+
+class Word(Token):
+    """Token for matching words composed of allowed character sets.
+       Defined with string containing all allowed initial characters,
+       an optional string containing allowed body characters (if omitted,
+       defaults to the initial character set), and an optional minimum,
+       maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for C{min} is 1 (a
+       minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for C{max} and C{exact}
+       are 0, meaning no maximum or exact length restriction. An optional
+       C{exclude} parameter can list characters that might be found in 
+       the input C{bodyChars} string; useful to define a word of all printables
+       except for one or two characters, for instance.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, initChars, bodyChars=None, min=1, max=0, exact=0, asKeyword=False, excludeChars=None ):
+        super(Word,self).__init__()
+        if excludeChars:
+            initChars = ''.join([c for c in initChars if c not in excludeChars])
+            if bodyChars:
+                bodyChars = ''.join([c for c in bodyChars if c not in excludeChars])
+        self.initCharsOrig = initChars
+        self.initChars = set(initChars)
+        if bodyChars :
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = bodyChars
+            self.bodyChars = set(bodyChars)
+        else:
+            self.bodyCharsOrig = initChars
+            self.bodyChars = set(initChars)
+
+        self.maxSpecified = max > 0
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError("cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Optional(Word()) if zero-length word is permitted")
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.asKeyword = asKeyword
+
+        if ' ' not in self.initCharsOrig+self.bodyCharsOrig and (min==1 and max==0 and exact==0):
+            if self.bodyCharsOrig == self.initCharsOrig:
+                self.reString = "[%s]+" % _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.initCharsOrig)
+            elif len(self.bodyCharsOrig) == 1:
+                self.reString = "%s[%s]*" % \
+                                      (re.escape(self.initCharsOrig),
+                                      _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.bodyCharsOrig),)
+            else:
+                self.reString = "[%s][%s]*" % \
+                                      (_escapeRegexRangeChars(self.initCharsOrig),
+                                      _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.bodyCharsOrig),)
+            if self.asKeyword:
+                self.reString = r"\b"+self.reString+r"\b"
+            try:
+                self.re = re.compile( self.reString )
+            except:
+                self.re = None
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.re:
+            result = self.re.match(instring,loc)
+            if not result:
+                exc = self.myException
+                exc.loc = loc
+                exc.pstr = instring
+                raise exc
+
+            loc = result.end()
+            return loc, result.group()
+
+        if not(instring[ loc ] in self.initChars):
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        bodychars = self.bodyChars
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min( maxloc, instrlen )
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            loc += 1
+
+        throwException = False
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            throwException = True
+        if self.maxSpecified and loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars:
+            throwException = True
+        if self.asKeyword:
+            if (start>0 and instring[start-1] in bodychars) or (loc<instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars):
+                throwException = True
+
+        if throwException:
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(Word,self).__str__()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+
+            def charsAsStr(s):
+                if len(s)>4:
+                    return s[:4]+"..."
+                else:
+                    return s
+
+            if ( self.initCharsOrig != self.bodyCharsOrig ):
+                self.strRepr = "W:(%s,%s)" % ( charsAsStr(self.initCharsOrig), charsAsStr(self.bodyCharsOrig) )
+            else:
+                self.strRepr = "W:(%s)" % charsAsStr(self.initCharsOrig)
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class Regex(Token):
+    """Token for matching strings that match a given regular expression.
+       Defined with string specifying the regular expression in a form recognized by the inbuilt Python re module.
+    """
+    compiledREtype = type(re.compile("[A-Z]"))
+    def __init__( self, pattern, flags=0):
+        """The parameters C{pattern} and C{flags} are passed to the C{re.compile()} function as-is. See the Python C{re} module for an explanation of the acceptable patterns and flags."""
+        super(Regex,self).__init__()
+
+        if isinstance(pattern, basestring):
+            if len(pattern) == 0:
+                warnings.warn("null string passed to Regex; use Empty() instead",
+                        SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+            self.pattern = pattern
+            self.flags = flags
+
+            try:
+                self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+                self.reString = self.pattern
+            except sre_constants.error:
+                warnings.warn("invalid pattern (%s) passed to Regex" % pattern,
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+                raise
+
+        elif isinstance(pattern, Regex.compiledREtype):
+            self.re = pattern
+            self.pattern = \
+            self.reString = str(pattern)
+            self.flags = flags
+            
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Regex may only be constructed with a string or a compiled RE object")
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        result = self.re.match(instring,loc)
+        if not result:
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        d = result.groupdict()
+        ret = ParseResults(result.group())
+        if d:
+            for k in d:
+                ret[k] = d[k]
+        return loc,ret
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(Regex,self).__str__()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "Re:(%s)" % repr(self.pattern)
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class QuotedString(Token):
+    """Token for matching strings that are delimited by quoting characters.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, quoteChar, escChar=None, escQuote=None, multiline=False, unquoteResults=True, endQuoteChar=None):
+        """
+           Defined with the following parameters:
+            - quoteChar - string of one or more characters defining the quote delimiting string
+            - escChar - character to escape quotes, typically backslash (default=None)
+            - escQuote - special quote sequence to escape an embedded quote string (such as SQL's "" to escape an embedded ") (default=None)
+            - multiline - boolean indicating whether quotes can span multiple lines (default=False)
+            - unquoteResults - boolean indicating whether the matched text should be unquoted (default=True)
+            - endQuoteChar - string of one or more characters defining the end of the quote delimited string (default=None => same as quoteChar)
+        """
+        super(QuotedString,self).__init__()
+
+        # remove white space from quote chars - wont work anyway
+        quoteChar = quoteChar.strip()
+        if len(quoteChar) == 0:
+            warnings.warn("quoteChar cannot be the empty string",SyntaxWarning,stacklevel=2)
+            raise SyntaxError()
+
+        if endQuoteChar is None:
+            endQuoteChar = quoteChar
+        else:
+            endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar.strip()
+            if len(endQuoteChar) == 0:
+                warnings.warn("endQuoteChar cannot be the empty string",SyntaxWarning,stacklevel=2)
+                raise SyntaxError()
+
+        self.quoteChar = quoteChar
+        self.quoteCharLen = len(quoteChar)
+        self.firstQuoteChar = quoteChar[0]
+        self.endQuoteChar = endQuoteChar
+        self.endQuoteCharLen = len(endQuoteChar)
+        self.escChar = escChar
+        self.escQuote = escQuote
+        self.unquoteResults = unquoteResults
+
+        if multiline:
+            self.flags = re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL
+            self.pattern = r'%s(?:[^%s%s]' % \
+                ( re.escape(self.quoteChar),
+                  _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[0]),
+                  (escChar is not None and _escapeRegexRangeChars(escChar) or '') )
+        else:
+            self.flags = 0
+            self.pattern = r'%s(?:[^%s\n\r%s]' % \
+                ( re.escape(self.quoteChar),
+                  _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[0]),
+                  (escChar is not None and _escapeRegexRangeChars(escChar) or '') )
+        if len(self.endQuoteChar) > 1:
+            self.pattern += (
+                '|(?:' + ')|(?:'.join(["%s[^%s]" % (re.escape(self.endQuoteChar[:i]),
+                                               _escapeRegexRangeChars(self.endQuoteChar[i]))
+                                    for i in range(len(self.endQuoteChar)-1,0,-1)]) + ')'
+                )
+        if escQuote:
+            self.pattern += (r'|(?:%s)' % re.escape(escQuote))
+        if escChar:
+            self.pattern += (r'|(?:%s.)' % re.escape(escChar))
+            charset = ''.join(set(self.quoteChar[0]+self.endQuoteChar[0])).replace('^',r'\^').replace('-',r'\-')
+            self.escCharReplacePattern = re.escape(self.escChar)+("([%s])" % charset)
+        self.pattern += (r')*%s' % re.escape(self.endQuoteChar))
+
+        try:
+            self.re = re.compile(self.pattern, self.flags)
+            self.reString = self.pattern
+        except sre_constants.error:
+            warnings.warn("invalid pattern (%s) passed to Regex" % self.pattern,
+                SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            raise
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        result = instring[loc] == self.firstQuoteChar and self.re.match(instring,loc) or None
+        if not result:
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+        loc = result.end()
+        ret = result.group()
+
+        if self.unquoteResults:
+
+            # strip off quotes
+            ret = ret[self.quoteCharLen:-self.endQuoteCharLen]
+
+            if isinstance(ret,basestring):
+                # replace escaped characters
+                if self.escChar:
+                    ret = re.sub(self.escCharReplacePattern,"\g<1>",ret)
+
+                # replace escaped quotes
+                if self.escQuote:
+                    ret = ret.replace(self.escQuote, self.endQuoteChar)
+
+        return loc, ret
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(QuotedString,self).__str__()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "quoted string, starting with %s ending with %s" % (self.quoteChar, self.endQuoteChar)
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class CharsNotIn(Token):
+    """Token for matching words composed of characters *not* in a given set.
+       Defined with string containing all disallowed characters, and an optional
+       minimum, maximum, and/or exact length.  The default value for C{min} is 1 (a
+       minimum value < 1 is not valid); the default values for C{max} and C{exact}
+       are 0, meaning no maximum or exact length restriction.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, notChars, min=1, max=0, exact=0 ):
+        super(CharsNotIn,self).__init__()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.notChars = notChars
+
+        if min < 1:
+            raise ValueError("cannot specify a minimum length < 1; use Optional(CharsNotIn()) if zero-length char group is permitted")
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+        self.name = _ustr(self)
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = ( self.minLen == 0 )
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if instring[loc] in self.notChars:
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        notchars = self.notChars
+        maxlen = min( start+self.maxLen, len(instring) )
+        while loc < maxlen and \
+              (instring[loc] not in notchars):
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(CharsNotIn, self).__str__()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            if len(self.notChars) > 4:
+                self.strRepr = "!W:(%s...)" % self.notChars[:4]
+            else:
+                self.strRepr = "!W:(%s)" % self.notChars
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+class White(Token):
+    """Special matching class for matching whitespace.  Normally, whitespace is ignored
+       by pyparsing grammars.  This class is included when some whitespace structures
+       are significant.  Define with a string containing the whitespace characters to be
+       matched; default is C{" \\t\\r\\n"}.  Also takes optional C{min}, C{max}, and C{exact} arguments,
+       as defined for the C{Word} class."""
+    whiteStrs = {
+        " " : "<SPC>",
+        "\t": "<TAB>",
+        "\n": "<LF>",
+        "\r": "<CR>",
+        "\f": "<FF>",
+        }
+    def __init__(self, ws=" \t\r\n", min=1, max=0, exact=0):
+        super(White,self).__init__()
+        self.matchWhite = ws
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( "".join([c for c in self.whiteChars if c not in self.matchWhite]) )
+        #~ self.leaveWhitespace()
+        self.name = ("".join([White.whiteStrs[c] for c in self.matchWhite]))
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Expected " + self.name
+
+        self.minLen = min
+
+        if max > 0:
+            self.maxLen = max
+        else:
+            self.maxLen = _MAX_INT
+
+        if exact > 0:
+            self.maxLen = exact
+            self.minLen = exact
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if not(instring[ loc ] in self.matchWhite):
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+        start = loc
+        loc += 1
+        maxloc = start + self.maxLen
+        maxloc = min( maxloc, len(instring) )
+        while loc < maxloc and instring[loc] in self.matchWhite:
+            loc += 1
+
+        if loc - start < self.minLen:
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+        return loc, instring[start:loc]
+
+
+class _PositionToken(Token):
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(_PositionToken,self).__init__()
+        self.name=self.__class__.__name__
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+
+class GoToColumn(_PositionToken):
+    """Token to advance to a specific column of input text; useful for tabular report scraping."""
+    def __init__( self, colno ):
+        super(GoToColumn,self).__init__()
+        self.col = colno
+
+    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        if col(loc,instring) != self.col:
+            instrlen = len(instring)
+            if self.ignoreExprs:
+                loc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
+            while loc < instrlen and instring[loc].isspace() and col( loc, instring ) != self.col :
+                loc += 1
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        thiscol = col( loc, instring )
+        if thiscol > self.col:
+            raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Text not in expected column", self )
+        newloc = loc + self.col - thiscol
+        ret = instring[ loc: newloc ]
+        return newloc, ret
+
+class LineStart(_PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the beginning of a line within the parse string"""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(LineStart,self).__init__()
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS.replace("\n","") )
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of line"
+
+    def preParse( self, instring, loc ):
+        preloc = super(LineStart,self).preParse(instring,loc)
+        if instring[preloc] == "\n":
+            loc += 1
+        return loc
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if not( loc==0 or
+            (loc == self.preParse( instring, 0 )) or
+            (instring[loc-1] == "\n") ): #col(loc, instring) != 1:
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Expected start of line" )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+        return loc, []
+
+class LineEnd(_PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the end of a line within the parse string"""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(LineEnd,self).__init__()
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS.replace("\n","") )
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of line"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if loc<len(instring):
+            if instring[loc] == "\n":
+                return loc+1, "\n"
+            else:
+                #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Expected end of line" )
+                exc = self.myException
+                exc.loc = loc
+                exc.pstr = instring
+                raise exc
+        elif loc == len(instring):
+            return loc+1, []
+        else:
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+class StringStart(_PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the beginning of the parse string"""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(StringStart,self).__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected start of text"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if loc != 0:
+            # see if entire string up to here is just whitespace and ignoreables
+            if loc != self.preParse( instring, 0 ):
+                #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Expected start of text" )
+                exc = self.myException
+                exc.loc = loc
+                exc.pstr = instring
+                raise exc
+        return loc, []
+
+class StringEnd(_PositionToken):
+    """Matches if current position is at the end of the parse string"""
+    def __init__( self ):
+        super(StringEnd,self).__init__()
+        self.errmsg = "Expected end of text"
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if loc < len(instring):
+            #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Expected end of text" )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+        elif loc == len(instring):
+            return loc+1, []
+        elif loc > len(instring):
+            return loc, []
+        else:
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+
+class WordStart(_PositionToken):
+    """Matches if the current position is at the beginning of a Word, and
+       is not preceded by any character in a given set of C{wordChars}
+       (default=C{printables}). To emulate the C{\b} behavior of regular expressions,
+       use C{WordStart(alphanums)}. C{WordStart} will also match at the beginning of
+       the string being parsed, or at the beginning of a line.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, wordChars = printables):
+        super(WordStart,self).__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the start of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if loc != 0:
+            if (instring[loc-1] in self.wordChars or
+                instring[loc] not in self.wordChars):
+                exc = self.myException
+                exc.loc = loc
+                exc.pstr = instring
+                raise exc
+        return loc, []
+
+class WordEnd(_PositionToken):
+    """Matches if the current position is at the end of a Word, and
+       is not followed by any character in a given set of C{wordChars}
+       (default=C{printables}). To emulate the C{\b} behavior of regular expressions,
+       use C{WordEnd(alphanums)}. C{WordEnd} will also match at the end of
+       the string being parsed, or at the end of a line.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, wordChars = printables):
+        super(WordEnd,self).__init__()
+        self.wordChars = set(wordChars)
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.errmsg = "Not at the end of a word"
+
+    def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        if instrlen>0 and loc<instrlen:
+            if (instring[loc] in self.wordChars or
+                instring[loc-1] not in self.wordChars):
+                #~ raise ParseException( instring, loc, "Expected end of word" )
+                exc = self.myException
+                exc.loc = loc
+                exc.pstr = instring
+                raise exc
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class ParseExpression(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract subclass of ParserElement, for combining and post-processing parsed tokens."""
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = False ):
+        super(ParseExpression,self).__init__(savelist)
+        if isinstance( exprs, list ):
+            self.exprs = exprs
+        elif isinstance( exprs, basestring ):
+            self.exprs = [ Literal( exprs ) ]
+        else:
+            try:
+                self.exprs = list( exprs )
+            except TypeError:
+                self.exprs = [ exprs ]
+        self.callPreparse = False
+
+    def __getitem__( self, i ):
+        return self.exprs[i]
+
+    def append( self, other ):
+        self.exprs.append( other )
+        self.strRepr = None
+        return self
+
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        """Extends C{leaveWhitespace} defined in base class, and also invokes C{leaveWhitespace} on
+           all contained expressions."""
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.exprs = [ e.copy() for e in self.exprs ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.leaveWhitespace()
+        return self
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super( ParseExpression, self).ignore( other )
+                for e in self.exprs:
+                    e.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
+        else:
+            super( ParseExpression, self).ignore( other )
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                e.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
+        return self
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(ParseExpression,self).__str__()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "%s:(%s)" % ( self.__class__.__name__, _ustr(self.exprs) )
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        super(ParseExpression,self).streamline()
+
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.streamline()
+
+        # collapse nested And's of the form And( And( And( a,b), c), d) to And( a,b,c,d )
+        # but only if there are no parse actions or resultsNames on the nested And's
+        # (likewise for Or's and MatchFirst's)
+        if ( len(self.exprs) == 2 ):
+            other = self.exprs[0]
+            if ( isinstance( other, self.__class__ ) and
+                  not(other.parseAction) and
+                  other.resultsName is None and
+                  not other.debug ):
+                self.exprs = other.exprs[:] + [ self.exprs[1] ]
+                self.strRepr = None
+                self.mayReturnEmpty |= other.mayReturnEmpty
+                self.mayIndexError  |= other.mayIndexError
+
+            other = self.exprs[-1]
+            if ( isinstance( other, self.__class__ ) and
+                  not(other.parseAction) and
+                  other.resultsName is None and
+                  not other.debug ):
+                self.exprs = self.exprs[:-1] + other.exprs[:]
+                self.strRepr = None
+                self.mayReturnEmpty |= other.mayReturnEmpty
+                self.mayIndexError  |= other.mayIndexError
+
+        return self
+
+    def setResultsName( self, name, listAllMatches=False ):
+        ret = super(ParseExpression,self).setResultsName(name,listAllMatches)
+        return ret
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.validate(tmp)
+        self.checkRecursion( [] )
+        
+    def copy(self):
+        ret = super(ParseExpression,self).copy()
+        ret.exprs = [e.copy() for e in self.exprs]
+        return ret
+
+class And(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires all given C{ParseExpression}s to be found in the given order.
+       Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+       May be constructed using the C{'+'} operator.
+    """
+
+    class _ErrorStop(Empty):
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            super(Empty,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+            self.leaveWhitespace()
+
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = True ):
+        super(And,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            if not e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+                break
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( exprs[0].whiteChars )
+        self.skipWhitespace = exprs[0].skipWhitespace
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        # pass False as last arg to _parse for first element, since we already
+        # pre-parsed the string as part of our And pre-parsing
+        loc, resultlist = self.exprs[0]._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        errorStop = False
+        for e in self.exprs[1:]:
+            if isinstance(e, And._ErrorStop):
+                errorStop = True
+                continue
+            if errorStop:
+                try:
+                    loc, exprtokens = e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
+                except ParseSyntaxException:
+                    raise
+                except ParseBaseException:
+                    pe = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                    raise ParseSyntaxException(pe)
+                except IndexError:
+                    raise ParseSyntaxException( ParseException(instring, len(instring), self.errmsg, self) )
+            else:
+                loc, exprtokens = e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
+            if exprtokens or exprtokens.keys():
+                resultlist += exprtokens
+        return loc, resultlist
+
+    def __iadd__(self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        return self.append( other ) #And( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+            if not e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                break
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " ".join( [ _ustr(e) for e in self.exprs ] ) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class Or(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires that at least one C{ParseExpression} is found.
+       If two expressions match, the expression that matches the longest string will be used.
+       May be constructed using the C{'^'} operator.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = False ):
+        super(Or,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            if e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+                break
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxMatchLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                loc2 = e.tryParse( instring, loc )
+            except ParseException:
+                err = sys.exc_info()[1]
+                if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = err
+                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(instring,len(instring),e.errmsg,self)
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+            else:
+                if loc2 > maxMatchLoc:
+                    maxMatchLoc = loc2
+                    maxMatchExp = e
+
+        if maxMatchLoc < 0:
+            if maxException is not None:
+                raise maxException
+            else:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
+
+        return maxMatchExp._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
+
+    def __ixor__(self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        return self.append( other ) #Or( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " ^ ".join( [ _ustr(e) for e in self.exprs ] ) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+
+class MatchFirst(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires that at least one C{ParseExpression} is found.
+       If two expressions match, the first one listed is the one that will match.
+       May be constructed using the C{'|'} operator.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = False ):
+        super(MatchFirst,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        if exprs:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+            for e in self.exprs:
+                if e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                    self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+                    break
+        else:
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        maxExcLoc = -1
+        maxException = None
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            try:
+                ret = e._parse( instring, loc, doActions )
+                return ret
+            except ParseException, err:
+                if err.loc > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = err
+                    maxExcLoc = err.loc
+            except IndexError:
+                if len(instring) > maxExcLoc:
+                    maxException = ParseException(instring,len(instring),e.errmsg,self)
+                    maxExcLoc = len(instring)
+
+        # only got here if no expression matched, raise exception for match that made it the furthest
+        else:
+            if maxException is not None:
+                raise maxException
+            else:
+                raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
+
+    def __ior__(self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal( other )
+        return self.append( other ) #MatchFirst( [ self, other ] )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " | ".join( [ _ustr(e) for e in self.exprs ] ) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+
+class Each(ParseExpression):
+    """Requires all given C{ParseExpression}s to be found, but in any order.
+       Expressions may be separated by whitespace.
+       May be constructed using the C{'&'} operator.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs, savelist = True ):
+        super(Each,self).__init__(exprs, savelist)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            if not e.mayReturnEmpty:
+                self.mayReturnEmpty = False
+                break
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.initExprGroups = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.initExprGroups:
+            opt1 = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional) ]
+            opt2 = [ e for e in self.exprs if e.mayReturnEmpty and e not in opt1 ]
+            self.optionals = opt1 + opt2
+            self.multioptionals = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,ZeroOrMore) ]
+            self.multirequired = [ e.expr for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,OneOrMore) ]
+            self.required = [ e for e in self.exprs if not isinstance(e,(Optional,ZeroOrMore,OneOrMore)) ]
+            self.required += self.multirequired
+            self.initExprGroups = False
+        tmpLoc = loc
+        tmpReqd = self.required[:]
+        tmpOpt  = self.optionals[:]
+        matchOrder = []
+
+        keepMatching = True
+        while keepMatching:
+            tmpExprs = tmpReqd + tmpOpt + self.multioptionals + self.multirequired
+            failed = []
+            for e in tmpExprs:
+                try:
+                    tmpLoc = e.tryParse( instring, tmpLoc )
+                except ParseException:
+                    failed.append(e)
+                else:
+                    matchOrder.append(e)
+                    if e in tmpReqd:
+                        tmpReqd.remove(e)
+                    elif e in tmpOpt:
+                        tmpOpt.remove(e)
+            if len(failed) == len(tmpExprs):
+                keepMatching = False
+
+        if tmpReqd:
+            missing = ", ".join( [ _ustr(e) for e in tmpReqd ] )
+            raise ParseException(instring,loc,"Missing one or more required elements (%s)" % missing )
+
+        # add any unmatched Optionals, in case they have default values defined
+        matchOrder += [e for e in self.exprs if isinstance(e,Optional) and e.expr in tmpOpt]
+
+        resultlist = []
+        for e in matchOrder:
+            loc,results = e._parse(instring,loc,doActions)
+            resultlist.append(results)
+
+        finalResults = ParseResults([])
+        for r in resultlist:
+            dups = {}
+            for k in r.keys():
+                if k in finalResults.keys():
+                    tmp = ParseResults(finalResults[k])
+                    tmp += ParseResults(r[k])
+                    dups[k] = tmp
+            finalResults += ParseResults(r)
+            for k,v in dups.items():
+                finalResults[k] = v
+        return loc, finalResults
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + " & ".join( [ _ustr(e) for e in self.exprs ] ) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        for e in self.exprs:
+            e.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+
+class ParseElementEnhance(ParserElement):
+    """Abstract subclass of C{ParserElement}, for combining and post-processing parsed tokens."""
+    def __init__( self, expr, savelist=False ):
+        super(ParseElementEnhance,self).__init__(savelist)
+        if isinstance( expr, basestring ):
+            expr = Literal(expr)
+        self.expr = expr
+        self.strRepr = None
+        if expr is not None:
+            self.mayIndexError = expr.mayIndexError
+            self.mayReturnEmpty = expr.mayReturnEmpty
+            self.setWhitespaceChars( expr.whiteChars )
+            self.skipWhitespace = expr.skipWhitespace
+            self.saveAsList = expr.saveAsList
+            self.callPreparse = expr.callPreparse
+            self.ignoreExprs.extend(expr.ignoreExprs)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            return self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        else:
+            raise ParseException("",loc,self.errmsg,self)
+
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        self.expr = self.expr.copy()
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.leaveWhitespace()
+        return self
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, Suppress ):
+            if other not in self.ignoreExprs:
+                super( ParseElementEnhance, self).ignore( other )
+                if self.expr is not None:
+                    self.expr.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
+        else:
+            super( ParseElementEnhance, self).ignore( other )
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.ignore( self.ignoreExprs[-1] )
+        return self
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        super(ParseElementEnhance,self).streamline()
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def checkRecursion( self, parseElementList ):
+        if self in parseElementList:
+            raise RecursiveGrammarException( parseElementList+[self] )
+        subRecCheckList = parseElementList[:] + [ self ]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.checkRecursion( subRecCheckList )
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self.checkRecursion( [] )
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        try:
+            return super(ParseElementEnhance,self).__str__()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+        if self.strRepr is None and self.expr is not None:
+            self.strRepr = "%s:(%s)" % ( self.__class__.__name__, _ustr(self.expr) )
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class FollowedBy(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Lookahead matching of the given parse expression.  C{FollowedBy}
+    does *not* advance the parsing position within the input string, it only
+    verifies that the specified parse expression matches at the current
+    position.  C{FollowedBy} always returns a null token list."""
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(FollowedBy,self).__init__(expr)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        self.expr.tryParse( instring, loc )
+        return loc, []
+
+
+class NotAny(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Lookahead to disallow matching with the given parse expression.  C{NotAny}
+    does *not* advance the parsing position within the input string, it only
+    verifies that the specified parse expression does *not* match at the current
+    position.  Also, C{NotAny} does *not* skip over leading whitespace. C{NotAny}
+    always returns a null token list.  May be constructed using the '~' operator."""
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(NotAny,self).__init__(expr)
+        #~ self.leaveWhitespace()
+        self.skipWhitespace = False  # do NOT use self.leaveWhitespace(), don't want to propagate to exprs
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.errmsg = "Found unwanted token, "+_ustr(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        try:
+            self.expr.tryParse( instring, loc )
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            #~ raise ParseException(instring, loc, self.errmsg )
+            exc = self.myException
+            exc.loc = loc
+            exc.pstr = instring
+            raise exc
+        return loc, []
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "~{" + _ustr(self.expr) + "}"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class ZeroOrMore(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Optional repetition of zero or more of the given expression."""
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(ZeroOrMore,self).__init__(expr)
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        tokens = []
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+            hasIgnoreExprs = ( len(self.ignoreExprs) > 0 )
+            while 1:
+                if hasIgnoreExprs:
+                    preloc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
+                else:
+                    preloc = loc
+                loc, tmptokens = self.expr._parse( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                if tmptokens or tmptokens.keys():
+                    tokens += tmptokens
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            pass
+
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "[" + _ustr(self.expr) + "]..."
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def setResultsName( self, name, listAllMatches=False ):
+        ret = super(ZeroOrMore,self).setResultsName(name,listAllMatches)
+        ret.saveAsList = True
+        return ret
+
+
+class OneOrMore(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Repetition of one or more of the given expression."""
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        # must be at least one
+        loc, tokens = self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        try:
+            hasIgnoreExprs = ( len(self.ignoreExprs) > 0 )
+            while 1:
+                if hasIgnoreExprs:
+                    preloc = self._skipIgnorables( instring, loc )
+                else:
+                    preloc = loc
+                loc, tmptokens = self.expr._parse( instring, preloc, doActions )
+                if tmptokens or tmptokens.keys():
+                    tokens += tmptokens
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            pass
+
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "{" + _ustr(self.expr) + "}..."
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+    def setResultsName( self, name, listAllMatches=False ):
+        ret = super(OneOrMore,self).setResultsName(name,listAllMatches)
+        ret.saveAsList = True
+        return ret
+
+class _NullToken(object):
+    def __bool__(self):
+        return False
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__
+    def __str__(self):
+        return ""
+
+_optionalNotMatched = _NullToken()
+class Optional(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Optional matching of the given expression.
+       A default return string can also be specified, if the optional expression
+       is not found.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs, default=_optionalNotMatched ):
+        super(Optional,self).__init__( exprs, savelist=False )
+        self.defaultValue = default
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        try:
+            loc, tokens = self.expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions, callPreParse=False )
+        except (ParseException,IndexError):
+            if self.defaultValue is not _optionalNotMatched:
+                if self.expr.resultsName:
+                    tokens = ParseResults([ self.defaultValue ])
+                    tokens[self.expr.resultsName] = self.defaultValue
+                else:
+                    tokens = [ self.defaultValue ]
+            else:
+                tokens = []
+        return loc, tokens
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        if self.strRepr is None:
+            self.strRepr = "[" + _ustr(self.expr) + "]"
+
+        return self.strRepr
+
+
+class SkipTo(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Token for skipping over all undefined text until the matched expression is found.
+       If C{include} is set to true, the matched expression is also parsed (the skipped text
+       and matched expression are returned as a 2-element list).  The C{ignore}
+       argument is used to define grammars (typically quoted strings and comments) that
+       might contain false matches.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, other, include=False, ignore=None, failOn=None ):
+        super( SkipTo, self ).__init__( other )
+        self.ignoreExpr = ignore
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = True
+        self.mayIndexError = False
+        self.includeMatch = include
+        self.asList = False
+        if failOn is not None and isinstance(failOn, basestring):
+            self.failOn = Literal(failOn)
+        else:
+            self.failOn = failOn
+        self.errmsg = "No match found for "+_ustr(self.expr)
+
+    def parseImpl( self, instring, loc, doActions=True ):
+        startLoc = loc
+        instrlen = len(instring)
+        expr = self.expr
+        failParse = False
+        while loc <= instrlen:
+            try:
+                if self.failOn:
+                    try:
+                        self.failOn.tryParse(instring, loc)
+                    except ParseBaseException:
+                        pass
+                    else:
+                        failParse = True
+                        raise ParseException(instring, loc, "Found expression " + str(self.failOn))
+                    failParse = False
+                if self.ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    while 1:
+                        try:
+                            loc = self.ignoreExpr.tryParse(instring,loc)
+                            # print "found ignoreExpr, advance to", loc
+                        except ParseBaseException:
+                            break
+                expr._parse( instring, loc, doActions=False, callPreParse=False )
+                skipText = instring[startLoc:loc]
+                if self.includeMatch:
+                    loc,mat = expr._parse(instring,loc,doActions,callPreParse=False)
+                    if mat:
+                        skipRes = ParseResults( skipText )
+                        skipRes += mat
+                        return loc, [ skipRes ]
+                    else:
+                        return loc, [ skipText ]
+                else:
+                    return loc, [ skipText ]
+            except (ParseException,IndexError):
+                if failParse:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    loc += 1
+        exc = self.myException
+        exc.loc = loc
+        exc.pstr = instring
+        raise exc
+
+class Forward(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Forward declaration of an expression to be defined later -
+       used for recursive grammars, such as algebraic infix notation.
+       When the expression is known, it is assigned to the C{Forward} variable using the '<<' operator.
+
+       Note: take care when assigning to C{Forward} not to overlook precedence of operators.
+       Specifically, '|' has a lower precedence than '<<', so that::
+          fwdExpr << a | b | c
+       will actually be evaluated as::
+          (fwdExpr << a) | b | c
+       thereby leaving b and c out as parseable alternatives.  It is recommended that you
+       explicitly group the values inserted into the C{Forward}::
+          fwdExpr << (a | b | c)
+    """
+    def __init__( self, other=None ):
+        super(Forward,self).__init__( other, savelist=False )
+
+    def __lshift__( self, other ):
+        if isinstance( other, basestring ):
+            other = Literal(other)
+        self.expr = other
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = other.mayReturnEmpty
+        self.strRepr = None
+        self.mayIndexError = self.expr.mayIndexError
+        self.mayReturnEmpty = self.expr.mayReturnEmpty
+        self.setWhitespaceChars( self.expr.whiteChars )
+        self.skipWhitespace = self.expr.skipWhitespace
+        self.saveAsList = self.expr.saveAsList
+        self.ignoreExprs.extend(self.expr.ignoreExprs)
+        return None
+
+    def leaveWhitespace( self ):
+        self.skipWhitespace = False
+        return self
+
+    def streamline( self ):
+        if not self.streamlined:
+            self.streamlined = True
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.streamline()
+        return self
+
+    def validate( self, validateTrace=[] ):
+        if self not in validateTrace:
+            tmp = validateTrace[:]+[self]
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                self.expr.validate(tmp)
+        self.checkRecursion([])
+
+    def __str__( self ):
+        if hasattr(self,"name"):
+            return self.name
+
+        self._revertClass = self.__class__
+        self.__class__ = _ForwardNoRecurse
+        try:
+            if self.expr is not None:
+                retString = _ustr(self.expr)
+            else:
+                retString = "None"
+        finally:
+            self.__class__ = self._revertClass
+        return self.__class__.__name__ + ": " + retString
+
+    def copy(self):
+        if self.expr is not None:
+            return super(Forward,self).copy()
+        else:
+            ret = Forward()
+            ret << self
+            return ret
+
+class _ForwardNoRecurse(Forward):
+    def __str__( self ):
+        return "..."
+
+class TokenConverter(ParseElementEnhance):
+    """Abstract subclass of C{ParseExpression}, for converting parsed results."""
+    def __init__( self, expr, savelist=False ):
+        super(TokenConverter,self).__init__( expr )#, savelist )
+        self.saveAsList = False
+
+class Upcase(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to upper case all matching tokens."""
+    def __init__(self, *args):
+        super(Upcase,self).__init__(*args)
+        warnings.warn("Upcase class is deprecated, use upcaseTokens parse action instead",
+                       DeprecationWarning,stacklevel=2)
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return list(map( string.upper, tokenlist ))
+
+
+class Combine(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to concatenate all matching tokens to a single string.
+       By default, the matching patterns must also be contiguous in the input string;
+       this can be disabled by specifying C{'adjacent=False'} in the constructor.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, expr, joinString="", adjacent=True ):
+        super(Combine,self).__init__( expr )
+        # suppress whitespace-stripping in contained parse expressions, but re-enable it on the Combine itself
+        if adjacent:
+            self.leaveWhitespace()
+        self.adjacent = adjacent
+        self.skipWhitespace = True
+        self.joinString = joinString
+        self.callPreparse = True
+
+    def ignore( self, other ):
+        if self.adjacent:
+            ParserElement.ignore(self, other)
+        else:
+            super( Combine, self).ignore( other )
+        return self
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        retToks = tokenlist.copy()
+        del retToks[:]
+        retToks += ParseResults([ "".join(tokenlist._asStringList(self.joinString)) ], modal=self.modalResults)
+
+        if self.resultsName and len(retToks.keys())>0:
+            return [ retToks ]
+        else:
+            return retToks
+
+class Group(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to return the matched tokens as a list - useful for returning tokens of C{ZeroOrMore} and C{OneOrMore} expressions."""
+    def __init__( self, expr ):
+        super(Group,self).__init__( expr )
+        self.saveAsList = True
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return [ tokenlist ]
+
+class Dict(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter to return a repetitive expression as a list, but also as a dictionary.
+       Each element can also be referenced using the first token in the expression as its key.
+       Useful for tabular report scraping when the first column can be used as a item key.
+    """
+    def __init__( self, exprs ):
+        super(Dict,self).__init__( exprs )
+        self.saveAsList = True
+
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        for i,tok in enumerate(tokenlist):
+            if len(tok) == 0:
+                continue
+            ikey = tok[0]
+            if isinstance(ikey,int):
+                ikey = _ustr(tok[0]).strip()
+            if len(tok)==1:
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset("",i)
+            elif len(tok)==2 and not isinstance(tok[1],ParseResults):
+                tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(tok[1],i)
+            else:
+                dictvalue = tok.copy() #ParseResults(i)
+                del dictvalue[0]
+                if len(dictvalue)!= 1 or (isinstance(dictvalue,ParseResults) and dictvalue.keys()):
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue,i)
+                else:
+                    tokenlist[ikey] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(dictvalue[0],i)
+
+        if self.resultsName:
+            return [ tokenlist ]
+        else:
+            return tokenlist
+
+
+class Suppress(TokenConverter):
+    """Converter for ignoring the results of a parsed expression."""
+    def postParse( self, instring, loc, tokenlist ):
+        return []
+
+    def suppress( self ):
+        return self
+
+
+class OnlyOnce(object):
+    """Wrapper for parse actions, to ensure they are only called once."""
+    def __init__(self, methodCall):
+        self.callable = _trim_arity(methodCall)
+        self.called = False
+    def __call__(self,s,l,t):
+        if not self.called:
+            results = self.callable(s,l,t)
+            self.called = True
+            return results
+        raise ParseException(s,l,"")
+    def reset(self):
+        self.called = False
+
+def traceParseAction(f):
+    """Decorator for debugging parse actions."""
+    f = _trim_arity(f)
+    def z(*paArgs):
+        thisFunc = f.func_name
+        s,l,t = paArgs[-3:]
+        if len(paArgs)>3:
+            thisFunc = paArgs[0].__class__.__name__ + '.' + thisFunc
+        sys.stderr.write( ">>entering %s(line: '%s', %d, %s)\n" % (thisFunc,line(l,s),l,t) )
+        try:
+            ret = f(*paArgs)
+        except Exception:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            sys.stderr.write( "<<leaving %s (exception: %s)\n" % (thisFunc,exc) )
+            raise
+        sys.stderr.write( "<<leaving %s (ret: %s)\n" % (thisFunc,ret) )
+        return ret
+    try:
+        z.__name__ = f.__name__
+    except AttributeError:
+        pass
+    return z
+
+#
+# global helpers
+#
+def delimitedList( expr, delim=",", combine=False ):
+    """Helper to define a delimited list of expressions - the delimiter defaults to ','.
+       By default, the list elements and delimiters can have intervening whitespace, and
+       comments, but this can be overridden by passing C{combine=True} in the constructor.
+       If C{combine} is set to True, the matching tokens are returned as a single token
+       string, with the delimiters included; otherwise, the matching tokens are returned
+       as a list of tokens, with the delimiters suppressed.
+    """
+    dlName = _ustr(expr)+" ["+_ustr(delim)+" "+_ustr(expr)+"]..."
+    if combine:
+        return Combine( expr + ZeroOrMore( delim + expr ) ).setName(dlName)
+    else:
+        return ( expr + ZeroOrMore( Suppress( delim ) + expr ) ).setName(dlName)
+
+def countedArray( expr, intExpr=None ):
+    """Helper to define a counted list of expressions.
+       This helper defines a pattern of the form::
+           integer expr expr expr...
+       where the leading integer tells how many expr expressions follow.
+       The matched tokens returns the array of expr tokens as a list - the leading count token is suppressed.
+    """
+    arrayExpr = Forward()
+    def countFieldParseAction(s,l,t):
+        n = t[0]
+        arrayExpr << (n and Group(And([expr]*n)) or Group(empty))
+        return []
+    if intExpr is None:
+        intExpr = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda t:int(t[0]))
+    else:
+        intExpr = intExpr.copy()
+    intExpr.setName("arrayLen")
+    intExpr.addParseAction(countFieldParseAction, callDuringTry=True)
+    return ( intExpr + arrayExpr )
+
+def _flatten(L):
+    ret = []
+    for i in L:
+        if isinstance(i,list):
+            ret.extend(_flatten(i))
+        else:
+            ret.append(i)
+    return ret
+
+def matchPreviousLiteral(expr):
+    """Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+       the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks
+       for a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+           first = Word(nums)
+           second = matchPreviousLiteral(first)
+           matchExpr = first + ":" + second
+       will match C{"1:1"}, but not C{"1:2"}.  Because this matches a
+       previous literal, will also match the leading C{"1:1"} in C{"1:10"}.
+       If this is not desired, use C{matchPreviousExpr}.
+       Do *not* use with packrat parsing enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+    def copyTokenToRepeater(s,l,t):
+        if t:
+            if len(t) == 1:
+                rep << t[0]
+            else:
+                # flatten t tokens
+                tflat = _flatten(t.asList())
+                rep << And( [ Literal(tt) for tt in tflat ] )
+        else:
+            rep << Empty()
+    expr.addParseAction(copyTokenToRepeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    return rep
+
+def matchPreviousExpr(expr):
+    """Helper to define an expression that is indirectly defined from
+       the tokens matched in a previous expression, that is, it looks
+       for a 'repeat' of a previous expression.  For example::
+           first = Word(nums)
+           second = matchPreviousExpr(first)
+           matchExpr = first + ":" + second
+       will match C{"1:1"}, but not C{"1:2"}.  Because this matches by
+       expressions, will *not* match the leading C{"1:1"} in C{"1:10"};
+       the expressions are evaluated first, and then compared, so
+       C{"1"} is compared with C{"10"}.
+       Do *not* use with packrat parsing enabled.
+    """
+    rep = Forward()
+    e2 = expr.copy()
+    rep << e2
+    def copyTokenToRepeater(s,l,t):
+        matchTokens = _flatten(t.asList())
+        def mustMatchTheseTokens(s,l,t):
+            theseTokens = _flatten(t.asList())
+            if  theseTokens != matchTokens:
+                raise ParseException("",0,"")
+        rep.setParseAction( mustMatchTheseTokens, callDuringTry=True )
+    expr.addParseAction(copyTokenToRepeater, callDuringTry=True)
+    return rep
+
+def _escapeRegexRangeChars(s):
+    #~  escape these chars: ^-]
+    for c in r"\^-]":
+        s = s.replace(c,_bslash+c)
+    s = s.replace("\n",r"\n")
+    s = s.replace("\t",r"\t")
+    return _ustr(s)
+
+def oneOf( strs, caseless=False, useRegex=True ):
+    """Helper to quickly define a set of alternative Literals, and makes sure to do
+       longest-first testing when there is a conflict, regardless of the input order,
+       but returns a C{MatchFirst} for best performance.
+
+       Parameters:
+        - strs - a string of space-delimited literals, or a list of string literals
+        - caseless - (default=False) - treat all literals as caseless
+        - useRegex - (default=True) - as an optimization, will generate a Regex
+          object; otherwise, will generate a C{MatchFirst} object (if C{caseless=True}, or
+          if creating a C{Regex} raises an exception)
+    """
+    if caseless:
+        isequal = ( lambda a,b: a.upper() == b.upper() )
+        masks = ( lambda a,b: b.upper().startswith(a.upper()) )
+        parseElementClass = CaselessLiteral
+    else:
+        isequal = ( lambda a,b: a == b )
+        masks = ( lambda a,b: b.startswith(a) )
+        parseElementClass = Literal
+
+    if isinstance(strs,(list,tuple)):
+        symbols = list(strs[:])
+    elif isinstance(strs,basestring):
+        symbols = strs.split()
+    else:
+        warnings.warn("Invalid argument to oneOf, expected string or list",
+                SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    i = 0
+    while i < len(symbols)-1:
+        cur = symbols[i]
+        for j,other in enumerate(symbols[i+1:]):
+            if ( isequal(other, cur) ):
+                del symbols[i+j+1]
+                break
+            elif ( masks(cur, other) ):
+                del symbols[i+j+1]
+                symbols.insert(i,other)
+                cur = other
+                break
+        else:
+            i += 1
+
+    if not caseless and useRegex:
+        #~ print (strs,"->", "|".join( [ _escapeRegexChars(sym) for sym in symbols] ))
+        try:
+            if len(symbols)==len("".join(symbols)):
+                return Regex( "[%s]" % "".join( [ _escapeRegexRangeChars(sym) for sym in symbols] ) )
+            else:
+                return Regex( "|".join( [ re.escape(sym) for sym in symbols] ) )
+        except:
+            warnings.warn("Exception creating Regex for oneOf, building MatchFirst",
+                    SyntaxWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+
+    # last resort, just use MatchFirst
+    return MatchFirst( [ parseElementClass(sym) for sym in symbols ] )
+
+def dictOf( key, value ):
+    """Helper to easily and clearly define a dictionary by specifying the respective patterns
+       for the key and value.  Takes care of defining the C{Dict}, C{ZeroOrMore}, and C{Group} tokens
+       in the proper order.  The key pattern can include delimiting markers or punctuation,
+       as long as they are suppressed, thereby leaving the significant key text.  The value
+       pattern can include named results, so that the C{Dict} results can include named token
+       fields.
+    """
+    return Dict( ZeroOrMore( Group ( key + value ) ) )
+
+def originalTextFor(expr, asString=True):
+    """Helper to return the original, untokenized text for a given expression.  Useful to
+       restore the parsed fields of an HTML start tag into the raw tag text itself, or to
+       revert separate tokens with intervening whitespace back to the original matching
+       input text. Simpler to use than the parse action C{L{keepOriginalText}}, and does not
+       require the inspect module to chase up the call stack.  By default, returns a 
+       string containing the original parsed text.  
+       
+       If the optional C{asString} argument is passed as C{False}, then the return value is a 
+       C{ParseResults} containing any results names that were originally matched, and a 
+       single token containing the original matched text from the input string.  So if 
+       the expression passed to C{L{originalTextFor}} contains expressions with defined
+       results names, you must set C{asString} to C{False} if you want to preserve those
+       results name values."""
+    locMarker = Empty().setParseAction(lambda s,loc,t: loc)
+    endlocMarker = locMarker.copy()
+    endlocMarker.callPreparse = False
+    matchExpr = locMarker("_original_start") + expr + endlocMarker("_original_end")
+    if asString:
+        extractText = lambda s,l,t: s[t._original_start:t._original_end]
+    else:
+        def extractText(s,l,t):
+            del t[:]
+            t.insert(0, s[t._original_start:t._original_end])
+            del t["_original_start"]
+            del t["_original_end"]
+    matchExpr.setParseAction(extractText)
+    return matchExpr
+
+def ungroup(expr): 
+    """Helper to undo pyparsing's default grouping of And expressions, even
+       if all but one are non-empty."""
+    return TokenConverter(expr).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0])
+
+# convenience constants for positional expressions
+empty       = Empty().setName("empty")
+lineStart   = LineStart().setName("lineStart")
+lineEnd     = LineEnd().setName("lineEnd")
+stringStart = StringStart().setName("stringStart")
+stringEnd   = StringEnd().setName("stringEnd")
+
+_escapedPunc = Word( _bslash, r"\[]-*.$+^?()~ ", exact=2 ).setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0][1])
+_printables_less_backslash = "".join([ c for c in printables if c not in  r"\]" ])
+_escapedHexChar = Regex(r"\\0?[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:unichr(int(t[0][1:],16)))
+_escapedOctChar = Regex(r"\\0[0-7]+").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:unichr(int(t[0][1:],8)))
+_singleChar = _escapedPunc | _escapedHexChar | _escapedOctChar | Word(_printables_less_backslash,exact=1)
+_charRange = Group(_singleChar + Suppress("-") + _singleChar)
+_reBracketExpr = Literal("[") + Optional("^").setResultsName("negate") + Group( OneOrMore( _charRange | _singleChar ) ).setResultsName("body") + "]"
+
+_expanded = lambda p: (isinstance(p,ParseResults) and ''.join([ unichr(c) for c in range(ord(p[0]),ord(p[1])+1) ]) or p)
+
+def srange(s):
+    r"""Helper to easily define string ranges for use in Word construction.  Borrows
+       syntax from regexp '[]' string range definitions::
+          srange("[0-9]")   -> "0123456789"
+          srange("[a-z]")   -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+          srange("[a-z$_]") -> "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz$_"
+       The input string must be enclosed in []'s, and the returned string is the expanded
+       character set joined into a single string.
+       The values enclosed in the []'s may be::
+          a single character
+          an escaped character with a leading backslash (such as \- or \])
+          an escaped hex character with a leading '\x' (\x21, which is a '!' character) 
+            (\0x## is also supported for backwards compatibility) 
+          an escaped octal character with a leading '\0' (\041, which is a '!' character)
+          a range of any of the above, separated by a dash ('a-z', etc.)
+          any combination of the above ('aeiouy', 'a-zA-Z0-9_$', etc.)
+    """
+    try:
+        return "".join([_expanded(part) for part in _reBracketExpr.parseString(s).body])
+    except:
+        return ""
+
+def matchOnlyAtCol(n):
+    """Helper method for defining parse actions that require matching at a specific
+       column in the input text.
+    """
+    def verifyCol(strg,locn,toks):
+        if col(locn,strg) != n:
+            raise ParseException(strg,locn,"matched token not at column %d" % n)
+    return verifyCol
+
+def replaceWith(replStr):
+    """Helper method for common parse actions that simply return a literal value.  Especially
+       useful when used with C{transformString()}.
+    """
+    def _replFunc(*args):
+        return [replStr]
+    return _replFunc
+
+def removeQuotes(s,l,t):
+    """Helper parse action for removing quotation marks from parsed quoted strings.
+       To use, add this parse action to quoted string using::
+         quotedString.setParseAction( removeQuotes )
+    """
+    return t[0][1:-1]
+
+def upcaseTokens(s,l,t):
+    """Helper parse action to convert tokens to upper case."""
+    return [ tt.upper() for tt in map(_ustr,t) ]
+
+def downcaseTokens(s,l,t):
+    """Helper parse action to convert tokens to lower case."""
+    return [ tt.lower() for tt in map(_ustr,t) ]
+
+def keepOriginalText(s,startLoc,t):
+    """DEPRECATED - use new helper method C{originalTextFor}.
+       Helper parse action to preserve original parsed text,
+       overriding any nested parse actions."""
+    try:
+        endloc = getTokensEndLoc()
+    except ParseException:
+        raise ParseFatalException("incorrect usage of keepOriginalText - may only be called as a parse action")
+    del t[:]
+    t += ParseResults(s[startLoc:endloc])
+    return t
+
+def getTokensEndLoc():
+    """Method to be called from within a parse action to determine the end
+       location of the parsed tokens."""
+    import inspect
+    fstack = inspect.stack()
+    try:
+        # search up the stack (through intervening argument normalizers) for correct calling routine
+        for f in fstack[2:]:
+            if f[3] == "_parseNoCache":
+                endloc = f[0].f_locals["loc"]
+                return endloc
+        else:
+            raise ParseFatalException("incorrect usage of getTokensEndLoc - may only be called from within a parse action")
+    finally:
+        del fstack
+
+def _makeTags(tagStr, xml):
+    """Internal helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions, given a tag name"""
+    if isinstance(tagStr,basestring):
+        resname = tagStr
+        tagStr = Keyword(tagStr, caseless=not xml)
+    else:
+        resname = tagStr.name
+
+    tagAttrName = Word(alphas,alphanums+"_-:")
+    if (xml):
+        tagAttrValue = dblQuotedString.copy().setParseAction( removeQuotes )
+        openTag = Suppress("<") + tagStr("tag") + \
+                Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group( tagAttrName + Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue ))) + \
+                Optional("/",default=[False]).setResultsName("empty").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0]=='/') + Suppress(">")
+    else:
+        printablesLessRAbrack = "".join( [ c for c in printables if c not in ">" ] )
+        tagAttrValue = quotedString.copy().setParseAction( removeQuotes ) | Word(printablesLessRAbrack)
+        openTag = Suppress("<") + tagStr("tag") + \
+                Dict(ZeroOrMore(Group( tagAttrName.setParseAction(downcaseTokens) + \
+                Optional( Suppress("=") + tagAttrValue ) ))) + \
+                Optional("/",default=[False]).setResultsName("empty").setParseAction(lambda s,l,t:t[0]=='/') + Suppress(">")
+    closeTag = Combine(_L("</") + tagStr + ">")
+
+    openTag = openTag.setResultsName("start"+"".join(resname.replace(":"," ").title().split())).setName("<%s>" % tagStr)
+    closeTag = closeTag.setResultsName("end"+"".join(resname.replace(":"," ").title().split())).setName("</%s>" % tagStr)
+    openTag.tag = resname
+    closeTag.tag = resname
+    return openTag, closeTag
+
+def makeHTMLTags(tagStr):
+    """Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for HTML, given a tag name"""
+    return _makeTags( tagStr, False )
+
+def makeXMLTags(tagStr):
+    """Helper to construct opening and closing tag expressions for XML, given a tag name"""
+    return _makeTags( tagStr, True )
+
+def withAttribute(*args,**attrDict):
+    """Helper to create a validating parse action to be used with start tags created
+       with C{makeXMLTags} or C{makeHTMLTags}. Use C{withAttribute} to qualify a starting tag
+       with a required attribute value, to avoid false matches on common tags such as
+       C{<TD>} or C{<DIV>}.
+
+       Call C{withAttribute} with a series of attribute names and values. Specify the list
+       of filter attributes names and values as:
+        - keyword arguments, as in C{(align="right")}, or
+        - as an explicit dict with C{**} operator, when an attribute name is also a Python
+          reserved word, as in C{**{"class":"Customer", "align":"right"}}
+        - a list of name-value tuples, as in ( ("ns1:class", "Customer"), ("ns2:align","right") )
+       For attribute names with a namespace prefix, you must use the second form.  Attribute
+       names are matched insensitive to upper/lower case.
+
+       To verify that the attribute exists, but without specifying a value, pass
+       C{withAttribute.ANY_VALUE} as the value.
+       """
+    if args:
+        attrs = args[:]
+    else:
+        attrs = attrDict.items()
+    attrs = [(k,v) for k,v in attrs]
+    def pa(s,l,tokens):
+        for attrName,attrValue in attrs:
+            if attrName not in tokens:
+                raise ParseException(s,l,"no matching attribute " + attrName)
+            if attrValue != withAttribute.ANY_VALUE and tokens[attrName] != attrValue:
+                raise ParseException(s,l,"attribute '%s' has value '%s', must be '%s'" %
+                                            (attrName, tokens[attrName], attrValue))
+    return pa
+withAttribute.ANY_VALUE = object()
+
+opAssoc = _Constants()
+opAssoc.LEFT = object()
+opAssoc.RIGHT = object()
+
+def operatorPrecedence( baseExpr, opList ):
+    """Helper method for constructing grammars of expressions made up of
+       operators working in a precedence hierarchy.  Operators may be unary or
+       binary, left- or right-associative.  Parse actions can also be attached
+       to operator expressions.
+
+       Parameters:
+        - baseExpr - expression representing the most basic element for the nested
+        - opList - list of tuples, one for each operator precedence level in the
+          expression grammar; each tuple is of the form
+          (opExpr, numTerms, rightLeftAssoc, parseAction), where:
+           - opExpr is the pyparsing expression for the operator;
+              may also be a string, which will be converted to a Literal;
+              if numTerms is 3, opExpr is a tuple of two expressions, for the
+              two operators separating the 3 terms
+           - numTerms is the number of terms for this operator (must
+              be 1, 2, or 3)
+           - rightLeftAssoc is the indicator whether the operator is
+              right or left associative, using the pyparsing-defined
+              constants opAssoc.RIGHT and opAssoc.LEFT.
+           - parseAction is the parse action to be associated with
+              expressions matching this operator expression (the
+              parse action tuple member may be omitted)
+    """
+    ret = Forward()
+    lastExpr = baseExpr | ( Suppress('(') + ret + Suppress(')') )
+    for i,operDef in enumerate(opList):
+        opExpr,arity,rightLeftAssoc,pa = (operDef + (None,))[:4]
+        if arity == 3:
+            if opExpr is None or len(opExpr) != 2:
+                raise ValueError("if numterms=3, opExpr must be a tuple or list of two expressions")
+            opExpr1, opExpr2 = opExpr
+        thisExpr = Forward()#.setName("expr%d" % i)
+        if rightLeftAssoc == opAssoc.LEFT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr ) )
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr + lastExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr + lastExpr ) )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr+lastExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore(lastExpr) )
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr) + \
+                            Group( lastExpr + opExpr1 + lastExpr + opExpr2 + lastExpr )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
+        elif rightLeftAssoc == opAssoc.RIGHT:
+            if arity == 1:
+                # try to avoid LR with this extra test
+                if not isinstance(opExpr, Optional):
+                    opExpr = Optional(opExpr)
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(opExpr.expr + thisExpr) + Group( opExpr + thisExpr )
+            elif arity == 2:
+                if opExpr is not None:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr + thisExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( opExpr + thisExpr ) )
+                else:
+                    matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + thisExpr) + Group( lastExpr + OneOrMore( thisExpr ) )
+            elif arity == 3:
+                matchExpr = FollowedBy(lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr) + \
+                            Group( lastExpr + opExpr1 + thisExpr + opExpr2 + thisExpr )
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("operator must be unary (1), binary (2), or ternary (3)")
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("operator must indicate right or left associativity")
+        if pa:
+            matchExpr.setParseAction( pa )
+        thisExpr << ( matchExpr | lastExpr )
+        lastExpr = thisExpr
+    ret << lastExpr
+    return ret
+
+dblQuotedString = Regex(r'"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\x[0-9a-fA-F]+)|(?:\\.))*"').setName("string enclosed in double quotes")
+sglQuotedString = Regex(r"'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\x[0-9a-fA-F]+)|(?:\\.))*'").setName("string enclosed in single quotes")
+quotedString = Regex(r'''(?:"(?:[^"\n\r\\]|(?:"")|(?:\\x[0-9a-fA-F]+)|(?:\\.))*")|(?:'(?:[^'\n\r\\]|(?:'')|(?:\\x[0-9a-fA-F]+)|(?:\\.))*')''').setName("quotedString using single or double quotes")
+unicodeString = Combine(_L('u') + quotedString.copy())
+
+def nestedExpr(opener="(", closer=")", content=None, ignoreExpr=quotedString.copy()):
+    """Helper method for defining nested lists enclosed in opening and closing
+       delimiters ("(" and ")" are the default).
+
+       Parameters:
+        - opener - opening character for a nested list (default="("); can also be a pyparsing expression
+        - closer - closing character for a nested list (default=")"); can also be a pyparsing expression
+        - content - expression for items within the nested lists (default=None)
+        - ignoreExpr - expression for ignoring opening and closing delimiters (default=quotedString)
+
+       If an expression is not provided for the content argument, the nested
+       expression will capture all whitespace-delimited content between delimiters
+       as a list of separate values.
+
+       Use the C{ignoreExpr} argument to define expressions that may contain
+       opening or closing characters that should not be treated as opening
+       or closing characters for nesting, such as quotedString or a comment
+       expression.  Specify multiple expressions using an C{L{Or}} or C{L{MatchFirst}}.
+       The default is L{quotedString}, but if no expressions are to be ignored,
+       then pass C{None} for this argument.
+    """
+    if opener == closer:
+        raise ValueError("opening and closing strings cannot be the same")
+    if content is None:
+        if isinstance(opener,basestring) and isinstance(closer,basestring):
+            if len(opener) == 1 and len(closer)==1:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~ignoreExpr +
+                                    CharsNotIn(opener+closer+ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+                else:
+                    content = (empty.copy()+CharsNotIn(opener+closer+ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+            else:
+                if ignoreExpr is not None:
+                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~ignoreExpr + 
+                                    ~Literal(opener) + ~Literal(closer) +
+                                    CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+                else:
+                    content = (Combine(OneOrMore(~Literal(opener) + ~Literal(closer) +
+                                    CharsNotIn(ParserElement.DEFAULT_WHITE_CHARS,exact=1))
+                                ).setParseAction(lambda t:t[0].strip()))
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("opening and closing arguments must be strings if no content expression is given")
+    ret = Forward()
+    if ignoreExpr is not None:
+        ret << Group( Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore( ignoreExpr | ret | content ) + Suppress(closer) )
+    else:
+        ret << Group( Suppress(opener) + ZeroOrMore( ret | content )  + Suppress(closer) )
+    return ret
+
+def indentedBlock(blockStatementExpr, indentStack, indent=True):
+    """Helper method for defining space-delimited indentation blocks, such as
+       those used to define block statements in Python source code.
+
+       Parameters:
+        - blockStatementExpr - expression defining syntax of statement that
+            is repeated within the indented block
+        - indentStack - list created by caller to manage indentation stack
+            (multiple statementWithIndentedBlock expressions within a single grammar
+            should share a common indentStack)
+        - indent - boolean indicating whether block must be indented beyond the
+            the current level; set to False for block of left-most statements
+            (default=True)
+
+       A valid block must contain at least one C{blockStatement}.
+    """
+    def checkPeerIndent(s,l,t):
+        if l >= len(s): return
+        curCol = col(l,s)
+        if curCol != indentStack[-1]:
+            if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+                raise ParseFatalException(s,l,"illegal nesting")
+            raise ParseException(s,l,"not a peer entry")
+
+    def checkSubIndent(s,l,t):
+        curCol = col(l,s)
+        if curCol > indentStack[-1]:
+            indentStack.append( curCol )
+        else:
+            raise ParseException(s,l,"not a subentry")
+
+    def checkUnindent(s,l,t):
+        if l >= len(s): return
+        curCol = col(l,s)
+        if not(indentStack and curCol < indentStack[-1] and curCol <= indentStack[-2]):
+            raise ParseException(s,l,"not an unindent")
+        indentStack.pop()
+
+    NL = OneOrMore(LineEnd().setWhitespaceChars("\t ").suppress())
+    INDENT = Empty() + Empty().setParseAction(checkSubIndent)
+    PEER   = Empty().setParseAction(checkPeerIndent)
+    UNDENT = Empty().setParseAction(checkUnindent)
+    if indent:
+        smExpr = Group( Optional(NL) +
+            #~ FollowedBy(blockStatementExpr) +
+            INDENT + (OneOrMore( PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Optional(NL) )) + UNDENT)
+    else:
+        smExpr = Group( Optional(NL) +
+            (OneOrMore( PEER + Group(blockStatementExpr) + Optional(NL) )) )
+    blockStatementExpr.ignore(_bslash + LineEnd())
+    return smExpr
+
+alphas8bit = srange(r"[\0xc0-\0xd6\0xd8-\0xf6\0xf8-\0xff]")
+punc8bit = srange(r"[\0xa1-\0xbf\0xd7\0xf7]")
+
+anyOpenTag,anyCloseTag = makeHTMLTags(Word(alphas,alphanums+"_:"))
+commonHTMLEntity = Combine(_L("&") + oneOf("gt lt amp nbsp quot").setResultsName("entity") +";").streamline()
+_htmlEntityMap = dict(zip("gt lt amp nbsp quot".split(),'><& "'))
+replaceHTMLEntity = lambda t : t.entity in _htmlEntityMap and _htmlEntityMap[t.entity] or None
+
+# it's easy to get these comment structures wrong - they're very common, so may as well make them available
+cStyleComment = Regex(r"/\*(?:[^*]*\*+)+?/").setName("C style comment")
+
+htmlComment = Regex(r"<!--[\s\S]*?-->")
+restOfLine = Regex(r".*").leaveWhitespace()
+dblSlashComment = Regex(r"\/\/(\\\n|.)*").setName("// comment")
+cppStyleComment = Regex(r"/(?:\*(?:[^*]*\*+)+?/|/[^\n]*(?:\n[^\n]*)*?(?:(?<!\\)|\Z))").setName("C++ style comment")
+
+javaStyleComment = cppStyleComment
+pythonStyleComment = Regex(r"#.*").setName("Python style comment")
+_noncomma = "".join( [ c for c in printables if c != "," ] )
+_commasepitem = Combine(OneOrMore(Word(_noncomma) +
+                                  Optional( Word(" \t") +
+                                            ~Literal(",") + ~LineEnd() ) ) ).streamline().setName("commaItem")
+commaSeparatedList = delimitedList( Optional( quotedString.copy() | _commasepitem, default="") ).setName("commaSeparatedList")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    def test( teststring ):
+        try:
+            tokens = simpleSQL.parseString( teststring )
+            tokenlist = tokens.asList()
+            print (teststring + "->"   + str(tokenlist))
+            print ("tokens = "         + str(tokens))
+            print ("tokens.columns = " + str(tokens.columns))
+            print ("tokens.tables = "  + str(tokens.tables))
+            print (tokens.asXML("SQL",True))
+        except ParseBaseException:
+            err = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            print (teststring + "->")
+            print (err.line)
+            print (" "*(err.column-1) + "^")
+            print (err)
+        print()
+
+    selectToken    = CaselessLiteral( "select" )
+    fromToken      = CaselessLiteral( "from" )
+
+    ident          = Word( alphas, alphanums + "_$" )
+    columnName     = delimitedList( ident, ".", combine=True ).setParseAction( upcaseTokens )
+    columnNameList = Group( delimitedList( columnName ) )#.setName("columns")
+    tableName      = delimitedList( ident, ".", combine=True ).setParseAction( upcaseTokens )
+    tableNameList  = Group( delimitedList( tableName ) )#.setName("tables")
+    simpleSQL      = ( selectToken + \
+                     ( '*' | columnNameList ).setResultsName( "columns" ) + \
+                     fromToken + \
+                     tableNameList.setResultsName( "tables" ) )
+
+    test( "SELECT * from XYZZY, ABC" )
+    test( "select * from SYS.XYZZY" )
+    test( "Select A from Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Select AA,BB,CC from Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Select A, B, C from Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Select A, B, C from Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Xelect A, B, C from Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Select A, B, C frox Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Select" )
+    test( "Select ^^^ frox Sys.dual" )
+    test( "Select A, B, C from Sys.dual, Table2   " )
--- a/dottes.html.learnertune	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/dottes.html.learnertune	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@
             </div>
             <div class="dottes-tune-footer-right">
               <ul class="tune-data-list">
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/@TUNE@.mp3">MP3</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/@TUNE@.ogg">OGG</a></li>
               </ul>
             </div>
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@
             </div>
             <div class="dottes-tune-footer-right">
               <ul class="tune-data-list">
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/littleslow-@TUNE@.mp3">MP3</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/littleslow-@TUNE@.ogg">OGG</a></li>
               </ul>
             </div>
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@
             </div>
             <div class="dottes-tune-footer-right">
               <ul class="tune-data-list">
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/slow-@TUNE@.mp3">MP3</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/slow-@TUNE@.ogg">OGG</a></li>
               </ul>
             </div>
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@
             </div>
             <div class="dottes-tune-footer-right">
               <ul class="tune-data-list">
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/veryslow-@TUNE@.mp3">MP3</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/veryslow-@TUNE@.ogg">OGG</a></li>
               </ul>
             </div>
--- a/dottes.html.tune	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/dottes.html.tune	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -54,16 +54,18 @@
           <div class="dottes-tune-footer-row">
             <div class="dottes-tune-footer-left">
               <ul class="tune-data-list">
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-pdf"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-pdf" download
                        href="@TUNE@.pdf">PDF</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-midi"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-midi" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/@TUNE@.mid">MIDI</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-mp3" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/@TUNE@.mp3">MP3</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-ogg" download
                        href="../@MASTERBOOKE@/@TUNE@.ogg">OGG</a></li>
-                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-abc"
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-abc" download
                        href="@TUNE@.abc">ABC</a></li>
+                <li><a class="dottes-link-tune dottes-xml" download
+                       href="@TUNE@.xml">XML</a></li>
               </ul>
             </div>
             <div class="dottes-tune-footer-centre">
--- a/makeWeb.sh	Thu Jun 19 21:36:22 2014 +0100
+++ b/makeWeb.sh	Thu Jun 19 21:36:31 2014 +0100
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 #
 # Build the website. The common items and the web items are assumed
-# to be already built.
+# to be already built. This generates the MusicXML and the page HTML
+# and shuffles other files ino the right place.
 #
 
 #set -x
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@
 masterbooke=$2
 title=$booke
 instrument=$3
+abc2xml=$dir/abc2xml/abc2xml.py
 
 buildno=`cat buildno.txt`
 # Remove trailing % added for Latex purposes.
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@
     do
         name=`basename $filename .abc`
 
+        # Extract items to substitute in the web page.
         title=`$dir/abcfield.py --field T --html $filename`
         fixtitle "$title"
         title=$retval
@@ -131,6 +134,9 @@
         # Copy the ABC into the web.
         cp $filename $webdir
 
+        # Generate MusicXML into the web.
+        python $abc2xml $filename > ${webdir}/${name}.xml
+
         # If we are not the master booke, link the mp3s in from the
         # master page in a desperate attempt to make IE8 work.
         # The Jenkins archive will dereference the soft link, it seems,